环境视觉下复杂建筑中的GPS测量控制技术研究

在环境视觉下,传统的复杂建筑物测量方法,由于建筑物的占地面积大,并且带有一定的复杂因素,无法进行准确尺度的测量,提出一种在环境视觉下的复杂建筑GPS测量控制技术.通过分析环境与建筑间关系后,以此为基础们进行GPS测量控制分析.使用GPS技术能够从空中的角度进行作业测量,避免了地面测量过程中数据累加的过程,极大的提高了测量的准确率,GPS自带的激光影像技术已经能够进行虚拟演化,保证测量过程中的精准度,GPS测绘过程中能够调动多个卫星进行多视角的测量,保证了测量的精度.为了验证设计的复杂建筑中的GPS测量控制技术的有效性,设计了模拟仿真实验,利用实验过程产生的数据,有效的证明了设计的复杂建筑中的GPS测量控制技术的有效性.     

Characteristics of major secondary ions in typical polluted atmospheric aerosols during autumn in central Taiwan

In autumn of 2008, the chemical characteristics of major secondary ionic aerosols at a suburban site in central Taiwan were measured during an annually occurring season of high pollution. The semicontinuous measurement system measured major soluble inorganic species, including NH(4)(+), NO(3)(-), and SO(4)(2-), in PM(10) with a 15 min resolution time. The atmospheric conditions, except for the influences of typhoons, were dominated by the local sea-land breeze with clear diurnal variations of meteorological parameters and air pollutant concentrations. To evaluate secondary aerosol formation at different ozone levels, daily ozone maximum concentration (O(3,daily max)) was used as an index of photochemical activity for dividing between the heavily polluted period (O(3,daily max) ≧80 ppb) and the lightly polluted period (O(3,daily max)<80 ppb). The concentrations of PM(10), NO(3)(-), SO(4)(2-), NH(4)(+) and total major ions during the heavily polluted period were 1.6, 1.9, 2.4, 2.7 and 2.3 times the concentrations during the lightly polluted period, respectively. Results showed that the daily maximum concentrations of PM(10) occurred around midnight and the daily maximum ozone concentration occurred during daytime. The average concentration of SO(2) was higher during daytime, which could be explained by the transportation of coastal industry emissions to the sampling site. In contrast, the high concentration of NO(2) at night was due to the land breeze flow that transport inland urban air masses toward this site. The simulations of breeze circulations and transitions were reflected in transports and distributions of these pollutants. During heavily polluted periods, NO(3)(-) and NH(4)(+) showed a clear diurnal variations with lower concentrations after midday, possibly due to the thermal volatilization of NH(4)NO(3) during daytime and transport of inland urban plume at night. The diurnal variation of PM(10) showed the similar pattern to that of NO(3)(-) and NH(4)(+) aerosols. This indicated that the formatted secondary aerosols in the inland urban area could be transported to the coastal area by the weak land breeze and deteriorated the air quality in the coastal area at night.     

隧道下穿桥梁的桥墩稳定性未确知测度评价研究

为指导隧道安全施工,保证路桥的安全运营,对桥梁桥墩稳定性进行评价,运用未确知理论,建立未确知测度评价模型。结合葵坝隧道下穿盐坝高速路桥的工程实际,选取影响桥墩稳定性的10个指标构造评价指标体系,依据每个桥墩的指标分级标准构建单指标未确知测度函数,确定每个对象的单指标测度矩阵;用熵权法计算各对象指标的权重,进而得到了对象的多指标综合测度向量;并依据置信度识别准则得出12个桥墩的隶属等级和稳定性排序。结果表明:12个桥墩中,除有1个桥墩处于不稳定等级外,其余都处于稳定等级。     

企业安全生产风险处置量测模型的建立与应用

为了更好地保障企业安全生产,基于降低风险对提高安全生产的重要性,探讨评价及衡量风险处置计划有效性的方法,提出风险处置量测模型.该模型分析风险值大小、控制措施是否能够在预期时间内完成,风险处置计划的执行能否达到预期目标,风险处置计划中的控制措施是否容易在该企业实施4个方面的情况,经过逐层量化计算,由紧迫程度和适用程度最终...     

Information technology and emergency management: preparedness and planning in US states

The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of information technology (IT) on emergency preparedness and planning by analysing a survey of US state government departments of emergency management. The research results show that there has been a significant impact of IT on emergency planning. IT has proven to be effective for all phases of emergency management, but especially for the response phase. There are numerous technologies used in emergency management, ranging from the internet, Geographic Information Systems and wireless technologies to more advanced hazard analysis models. All were generally viewed as being effective. Lack of financial resources and support from elected officials is a perennial problem in public administration, and was found to be prevalent in this study of IT and emergency management. There was evidence that state governments rating high on a performance index were more likely to use IT for emergency management.     

安徽省近15年建设用地变化对碳排放效应测度及趋势预测——基于STIRPAT模型

建设用地变化的碳排放效应是现阶段土地利用变化研究热点之一.因此,本文运用安徽省统计年鉴数据,采用建设用地动态度模型及IPCC碳排放计算方法,对安徽省1997-2011年建设用地与碳排放动态变化特征进行了分析.同时,基于STIRPAT模型,采用偏最小二乘回归方法,揭示了建设用地对碳排放的边际效应,并运用SPSS软件对未来碳排放进行了预测.结果表明:研究时序内,建设用地与碳排放均呈增长态势,建设用地年均扩展速率为16.91％,碳排放年均增长6.61％,建设用地与碳排放正向效应显著;建设用地对碳排放的边际弹性系数为0.1194;惯性情景模式下,2015年、2020年安徽省建设用地扩展导致的碳排放将分别增至14472.42万t、19930.37万t;通过政策规制控制建设用地扩展趋势有利于抑制或减缓碳排放.本研究对了解安徽省碳排放变化趋势和指导土地利用规划有重要的现实意义,也可为省域尺度的建设用地碳排放效应研究提供范式借鉴.     

北京市居家空气微生物污染特征

在北京市选取31户有1岁至10岁儿童的家庭进行空气微生物取样,系统研究了室内家庭空气微生物污染特征.结果表明,北京市居家环境空气微生物总浓度变化范围为269～13066 CFU·m-3,均值为2658 CFU· m-3,空气细菌浓度变化范围为47 ～ 12341 CFU·m-3,均值为1821 CFU·m-3,空气真菌浓度变化范围为62～3498 CFU·m-3,均值为837 CFU·m-3.空气细菌和真菌浓度百分比分别为61.0％和39.0％,细菌浓度明显高于真菌浓度.居家环境优势细菌属依次为微球菌属(Micrococcus)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)、葡萄球菌属(Staphylococcus)和库克菌属(Kocuria),4属细菌百分比约占63.1％ ～70.9％,优势真菌属为青霉属(Penicillium)、枝孢属(Cladosporium)、曲霉属(Aspergillus)、链格孢属(Alternaria)和茎点霉属(Phoma),分别约占总数的36.0％、17.8％、9.3％、5.3％和3.6％.文中最后针对北京市居家环境空气微生物污染的现状及其来源,从宠物饲养、空调清理、室内外优良环境的保持及垃圾处理、室内花卉种植等方面提出了治理建议.     

基于结构应变监测的风帆推力测量方法研究

目的 提出一种用于实船测量的风帆推力测量方法.方法 针对VLCC风帆推力实船测量的需求,首先对风帆推力计算公式和风帆桅杆推力状态进行分析,进一步根据梁结构应变测试方法提出基于应变监测的风帆推力测量方法和传感测点布置方案.通过陆基模拟试验对风帆推力测量方法进行试验验证.结果 传感测点间结构应变差值随风帆推力增加而增大,具有显著线性关系,线性相关系数为0.9965,测试风帆推力与实际推力之间的平均误差为5％.结论 提出的风帆推力测量方法用于实船测量是切实可行的.     

导体表面雷电脉冲电流分布研究

为研究雷电脉冲电流在导体表面的分布情况,研制了巨磁阻(Giant Magneto Resisti ve,GMR)表面电流测量系统,利用该系统对平面薄铝板表面脉冲电流密度进行了测量研究。为验证测量结果,采用时域有限差分(FDTD)法和CST软件分别进行了相应的数值分析和仿真计算,取得与测量相一致的结果。在此基础上,对雷电流在弧面表面分布情况进行了探索性研究。     

屏蔽电缆电磁脉冲屏蔽效能表征参数研究

屏蔽电缆广泛应用于电力系统,而其极易遭受雷电电磁脉冲（Lightning Electromagnetic Pulse, LEMP）的干扰。其雷电电磁脉冲耦合是工程电磁防护的一个重要研究内容。采用三同轴时域测量方法实际测量了某型同轴电缆芯线的电磁脉冲响应,计算了屏蔽层转移阻抗;利用FDTD、Agrawal耦合模型和转移阻抗一阶近似模型分析了雷电通道近区架空屏蔽电缆芯线上的感应电压。根据分析结果讨论了雷电电磁脉冲分析中转移阻抗的近似描述方法。