承压类特种设备受压元件壁厚测定问题的探讨

壁厚是承压类特种设备结构的主要参数.针对几例因受压元件壁厚未测定所留下的安全隐患,本文对承压类特种设备壁厚测定的必要性进行分析探讨,并分别就锅炉、压力容器和压力管道在相应法规标准中对壁厚测定的要求和对监检机构的要求提出了建议.     

An overdue alignment of risk and resilience? A conceptual contribution to community resilience

A systematic review of literature on community resilience measurement published between 2005 and 2014 revealed that the profound lack of clarity on risk and resilience is one of the main reasons why confusion about terms such as adaptive capacity, resilience, and vulnerability persists, despite the effort spared to operationalise these concepts. Resilience is measured in isolation in some cases, where a shock is perceived to arise external to the system of interest. Problematically, this contradicts the way in which the climate change and disaster communities perceive risk as manifesting itself endogenously as a function of exposure, hazard, and vulnerability. The common conceptualisation of resilience as predominantly positive is problematic as well when, in reality, many undesirable properties of a system are resilient. Consequently, this paper presents an integrative framework that highlights the interactions between risk drivers and coping, adaptive, and transformative capacities, providing an improved conceptual basis for resilience measurement.     

Evaluation of coastal zone sustainability: an integrated approach applied in Shanghai Municipality and Chong Ming Island

A systems approach has been applied to the examination of sustainable development in the coastal zone. This complex system is envisaged as comprising three sub-systems: environment and resources, economic development and society. A sustainability indicator system based on these three sub-systems has been set up to evaluate the nature of development in the coastal zone. The administrative regions of the Municipality of Shanghai and Chong Ming Island (in the Yangtze Estuary) have been selected as two coastal zones in which to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the approach. The approach indicated that the development process in Shanghai is one of weak sustainability with relatively rapid social and economic development at the cost of environment and resource degradation. In contrast, social and economic development in Chong Ming County has been limited to protect the regional environment and resources indicating a more sustainable approach to development.     

铁路危险品货场中人体静电放电隐患的测量与评估

根据人体静电的基本理论,人体的对地静电电位、电容和电阻是静电放电隐患的3个主要评估参数,也是建立静电危害模型的关键参数。笔者结合实际测量数据,对铁路危险品货场中人体静电放电的隐患进行了分析与评估,并探讨了其危害机理,提出了流动人体模型和人体—老虎车模型,给出了模型参数的数值。基于实测数据和放电模型分析的评估结果表明:在铁路危险品货场中,源于人体静电放电的静电电击和静电引爆两个隐患不容忽视;与基于实测数据的直接评估结果相比,人体—老虎车模型得出的评估结论是静电放电隐患,更值得关注。     

结构局部损伤诊断的应变模态方法--分析与应用

监测和诊断大型工程结构的健康状况，评估其安全性已成为未来工程的必然要求。基于利用局部反应监测结构局部性能的设想，利用应变模态的局部性特点进行结构的局部损伤诊断。首先由传递函数对应变模态进行贝叶斯区间估计，通过一混凝土框架模型的模态试验，分析应变模态测试的不确定性；然后对混凝土框架柱进行局部加强，考察应变模态界定损伤的能力。结果显示，固有频率的不确定性程度最小，应变模态振型与位移模态振型相比，各测点的变异程度差异较大，而阻尼比受不同类型测试系统影响较大；在高阶应变模态对结构局部损伤发生误判的情况下，一阶应变模态可以界定损伤，准确指示损伤部位。     

应用高精度磁法测定灵武某煤田自燃区范围

煤层自燃后产生"热剩磁",基于这一理论,运用地面高精度磁测在灵武某煤田对煤田自燃区的边界范围进行圈定.由钻孔验证的结果来看,地面高精度磁测在圈定煤田自燃区边界范围时效果良好.     

环境监测中仪器分析方法不确定度的评估(Ⅰ)

结合我国环境监测的实际情况，通过对环境监测中常用仪器分析方法中测量不确定度的评估，主要对环境监测中常用仪器分析方法不确定度的来源如称量、体积校准、温度波动、标准物质、化学试剂、摩尔质量、工作曲线、方法和仪器重复性、仪器显示和读数、数字修约等作一评述，并指出了环境监测中常用仪器分析方法测量不确定度的评估应注意解决的问题。     

环境监测中仪器分析方法不确定度的评估(Ⅲ)——色谱分析中的测量不确定度

通过对环境样品分析中常用的色谱分析法测量不确定度分量来源及影响的讨论，探讨了色谱分析法测量不确定度的评估方法，获得了针对不同环境基体样品、不同测定组分以及不同前处理方法中的扩展不确定度。色谱分析中的测量不确定度主要来源于流速稳定性、柱箱温度稳定性、基线噪声、程序升温重复性、定量重复性、标准物质进样量及由峰面积通过标准曲线拟合求浓度等部分。     

土地级别的不确定性

根据Rough集理论，提出了土地级别不确定性模型和精度测度模型，用精度测度表示确定性分类精度和不确定性分类精度，以及分析了土地定级中级别划分的不确定性和不同级别分类质量的变化规律。     

矿业环境治理的经济学分析

当前，我国矿山环境问题突出。重点分析了矿山开采环境问题的特殊性，这些特殊性包括矿业对地域区位的依赖性、破坏的大量不确定性以及不可逆性。根据特殊性，讨论了环境经济学的适用性。不确定问题转化为确定性问题或者风险问题依赖于技术层面学科（如矿山环境影响评价和矿山环境地质学等）的支撑。最后指出随着这些技术学科的发展，矿山环境问题就会更精确地纳入成本——效益分析框架，从而发挥更大的作用。