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101.
为了进一步保证封隔器安全坐封,提高封隔器胶筒的力学性能,基于现有成熟技术,设计了一种新型防突装置,分析了不同防突装置材料和结构参数对封隔器胶筒肩部突出、接触应力、Von Mises应力的影响。结果表明:新型封隔器肩部突出距离相比常规封隔器降低了63.35%,使胶筒不易被破坏,延长了胶筒的寿命;对防突装置材料和结构参数进行优选,选择材料为铝合金,距胶筒端面距离H=2.5mm,厚度B=0.5mm的新型防突装置;新型防突装置的设计与应用为封隔器坐封提供了安全保障。 相似文献
102.
为了探讨两性-阴离子湿润剂复配剂对硫化矿尘的润湿性能,通过毛细管正向渗透实验法,研究椰油酰胺基丙基甜菜碱(CAB)、十二烷基二甲基甜菜碱(BS-12)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(LAS)、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸钠(AES)单体湿润剂的润湿性能;利用静滴法,测量各单体与矿石的接触角。单体实验结果表明两性离子湿润剂中BS-12、阴离子湿润剂中LAS的润湿性能相对较好。选用这两种试剂进行复配实验,结果表明:浸润深度大于20 mm,复配剂比单质湿润剂润湿性能好;最佳复 相似文献
103.
为研究生物膜技术在低污染水体净化中的应用前景,以洱海入湖河流——白鹤溪为研究对象,采用分段进水和分区曝气方式强化砾间接触氧化工艺的脱氮性能,探讨HRT(水力停留时间)、O/A(曝气区和非曝气区容积比)对低污染水体中CODMn、NH4+-N、TN去除的影响. 结果显示:①HRT对有机物去除效果影响较大,在HRT为0.8、1.5、2.5、3.5 h下,CODMn去除率平均值分别为14.7%、28.6%、42.7%、48.8%;而当HRT为2.5 h时为较佳运行工况,CODMn、NH4+-N、TN去除率平均值分别为42.7%、83.6%、31.6%. ②O/A对NH4+-N的去除影响不大,在O/A为1∶1、1∶2、1∶3下,NH4+-N去除率平均值分别为86.7%、83.1%、80.5%;而当O/A为1∶3时具有较佳的脱氮除碳效果,CODMn、NH4+-N、TN去除率平均值分别为42.2%、80.5%、40.2%. ③在HRT为2.5 h、O/A为1∶3下稳定运行15 d后,对生物膜样品的微生物群落结构分析表明,在装置后段有脱氮微生物的富集,其优势菌为Pseudomonas、Pantoe、Synechococcus、Chloroflexi bacterium. 研究表明,砾间接触氧化工艺对低污染水具有较好的脱氮除碳效果. 相似文献
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105.
Yao CHEN Jinhui LI Huabo DUAN Zhishi WANG 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2011,5(2):167-174
Mechanical waste-processing methods, which combine crushing and separation processes for the recovery of valuable materials, have been widely applied in waste printed wiring board (PWB) treatment. However, both the high impact toughness and the tensile and flexural strengths of whole PWB with a laminated structure result in great energy consumption and severe abrasion of the cutters during multi-level crushing. In addition, the high temperatures occurring in continual crushing probably cause the decomposition of the polymer matrix. A thermal-crack method using residual steam as the heating medium has been developed to pre-treat waste PWBs. This treatment reduces the mechanical strength in order to improve the recovery rate of valuable materials in subsequent mechanical recycling. The changes of the PWBs’ macro-mechanical properties were studied to evaluate thermal expansion impacts associated with changes in temperature, and the dynamic dislocation micro-structures were observed to identify the fracture mechanism. The results showed that thermal cracking with steam at the temperature of 500 K can effectively attenuate the mechanical properties of waste PWBs, by reducing the impact, tensile and flexural strengths respectively, by 59.2%, 49.3% and 51.4%, compared to untreated PWB. Thermal expansion can also facilitate the separation of copper from glass fiber by reducing peel resistance by 95.4% at 500 K. It was revealed that the flexural fracture was a transverse cracking caused by concentrated stress when the heating temperature was less than 500 K, and shifted to a vertical cracking after exceeding 500 K. 相似文献
106.
Sheng CHANG Jianzheng LI Feng LIU 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2011,5(1):140-148
An anaerobic contact reactor (ACR) system comprising a continuous flow stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with settler to decouple the hydraulic retention time (HRT) from solids retention time (SRT) was developed for fermentative hydrogen production from diluted molasses by mixed microbial cultures. The ACR was operated at various volumetric loading rates (VLRs) of 20–44 kgCOD·m-3·d-1 with constant HRT of 6 h under mesophilic conditions of 35°C. The SRT was maintained at about 46–50 h in the system. At the initial VLR of 20 kgCOD·m-3·d-1, the hydrogen production rate dropped from 22.6 to 1.58 L·d-1 as the hydrogen was consumed by the hydrogentrophic methanogen. After increasing the VLR to 28 kgCOD·m-3·d-1 and discharging the sludge for 6 consecutive times, the hydrogentrophic methanogens were eliminated, and the hydrogen content reached 36.4%. As the VLR was increased to 44 kgCOD·m-3·d-1, the hydrogen production rate and hydrogen yield increased to 42.1 L·d-1 and 1.40 mol H2·molglucose-consumed-1, respectively. The results showed that a stable ethanol-type fermentation that favored hydrogen production in the reactor was thus established with the sludge loading rate (SLR) of 2.0–2.5 kgCOD·kgMLVSS-1·d-1. It was found that the ethanol increased more than other liquid fermentation products, and the ethanol/acetic acid (mol/mol) ratio increased from 1.27 to 2.45 when the VLR increased from 28 to 44 kgCOD·m-3·d-1, whereas the hydrogen composition decreased from 40.4% to 36.4%. The results suggested that the anaerobic contact reactor was a promising bioprocess for fermentative hydrogen production. 相似文献
107.
选用中国蜂种中华蜜蜂工蜂作为受试生物,建立其环境危害评价毒性测试方法,用所建立的方法对全氟辛烷磺酸盐(PFOS)替代品进行了接触急性毒性及经口急性毒性风险评价,并比较了"小烧杯法"和"饲喂管法"两种经口毒性方法的优缺点及对毒性结果的影响。研究结果表明,"小烧杯法"实验中C4织物三防整理剂对中华蜜蜂的24h-LC50为1435mg·L~(-1),48h-LC_(50)为284.67mg·L~(-1);其余替代品在限度实验均未出现蜜蜂死亡,4种PFOS替代品对中华蜜蜂的接触毒性及经口毒性均为低毒,但"小烧杯法"测得的经口毒性结果比"饲喂管法"高。 相似文献
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