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621.
Robert A. Pikanowski 《Chemistry and Ecology》1992,6(1):199-212
Disposal of sewage sludge in the New York Bight Apex (12-Mile Dump Site) ceased at the end of December 1987. Previous efforts to quantify the effects of sludge were hindered by the inability to obtain true replication. the cessation of dumping afforded the opportunity to apply the technique of replication in time, also known as a Before/After, Control/Impact design. Conditionally, this method allows one to separate treatment effects from the natural differences that confound many environmental impact studies. the Environmental Processes Division of the Northeast Fisheries Center, National Marine Fisheries Service sampled the benthic environment of the New York Bight Apex from June 1986 through September 1989 using a sample design based on the technique of replication in time.
Three dominant species (rock crab, Cancer irroratus; little skate; Raja erinacea; and winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus) and total demersal finfish, collected by otter trawl, showed no statistically significant response to the cessation of disposal. American lobster (Homarus americanus) increased in local abundance, but this result was possibly confounded by a change in fishing effort. 相似文献
Three dominant species (rock crab, Cancer irroratus; little skate; Raja erinacea; and winter flounder, Pseudopleuronectes americanus) and total demersal finfish, collected by otter trawl, showed no statistically significant response to the cessation of disposal. American lobster (Homarus americanus) increased in local abundance, but this result was possibly confounded by a change in fishing effort. 相似文献
622.
选择试验模型法在澳门固体废弃物管理中的应用 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
环境物品或环境服务的经济价值评估是环境经济学研究的前沿领域.选择试验模型法是目前国际上用于评估环境物品经济价值的一种新方法.本文以澳门的固体废弃物管理为例,探讨选择试验模型法在澳门进行环境物品经济价值评估实践的可行性.在专家咨询和小组讨论的基础上,确定垃圾分选和回收、垃圾收集频率、减小垃圾收集过程中产生的噪音和垃圾处理费为澳门固体废弃物管理的4个属性.在对澳门6个堂260名居民进行随机抽样调查的基础上,分析了澳门固体废弃物管理不同属性的价值以及固体废弃物管理不同替代方案的相对价值.结果表明,实行垃圾分选和回收利用以及减小垃圾收集过程中产生的噪声是澳门今后固体废弃物管理的合理选择. 相似文献
623.
Perfluorinated Surfactants in Surface and Drinking Waters (9 pp) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Skutlarek D Exner M Färber H 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2006,13(5):299-307
Background, Aim and Scope
In this paper recent results are provided of an investigation on the discovery of 12 perfluorinated surfactants (PS) in different
surface and drinking waters (Skutlarek et al. 2006 a, Skutlarek et al. 2006 b). In the last years, many studies have reported
ubiquitous distribution of this group of perfluorinated chemicals, especially perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic
acid (PFOA) in the environment, particularly in wildlife animal and human samples (Giesy and Kannan 2001, Houde et al. 2006,
Prevedouros et al. 2006). Perfluorinated surfactants (e.g. PFOS and PFOA) have shown different potentials for reproductory
interference and carcinogenity in animal experiments as well as partly long half-lives in humans (Guruge et al. 2006, FSA
UK 2006a, FSA UK 2006b, 3M 2005, OECD 2002, Yao and Zhong 2005). They possess compound-dependent extreme recalcitrance against
microbiological and chemical degradation and, in addition, they show variable potentials for bioaccumulation in animals and
humans (Houde et al. 2006).
Materials and Methods:
Surface and drinking water samples were collected from different sampling sites:
- Surface waters: samples taken from the rivers Rhine, Ruhr, Moehne and some of their tributaries. Further samples were taken
from the Rhine-Herne-Canal and the Wesel-Datteln-Canal.
- Drinking waters: samples taken in public buildings of the Rhine-Ruhr area.
After sample clean-up and concentration by solid-phase extraction, the perfluorinated surfactants were determined using HPLC-MS/MS.
Results:
All measured concentrations (sum of seven mainly detected components) in the Rhine river and its main tributaries (mouths)
were determined below 100 ng/L. The Ruhr river (tributary of the Rhine) showed the highest concentration (94 ng/L), but with
a completely different pattern of components (PFOA as major component), as compared with the other tributaries and the Rhine
river. Further investigations along the Ruhr river showed remarkably high concentrations of PS in the upper reaches of the
Ruhr river and the Moehne river (tributary of the Ruhr) (Ruhr: up to 446 ng/L, Moehne: up to 4385 ng/L). The maximum concentration
of all drinking water samples taken in the Rhine-Ruhr area was determined at 598 ng/L with the major component PFOA (519 ng/L).
Discussion:
The surface water contaminations most likely stem from contaminated inorganic and organic waste materials (so-called 'Abfallgemisch').
This waste material was legally applied to several agricultural areas on the upper reaches of the Moehne. Perfluorinated surfactants
could be detected in some suchlike soil samples. They contaminated the river and the reservoir belonging to it, likely by
superficial run-off over several months or probably years. Downstream, dilution effects are held responsible for decreasing
concentrations of PS in surface waters of the Moehne and the Ruhr river. In analogy to the surface water samples, PS (major
component PFOA) can be determined in many drinking water samples of the Rhine-Ruhr area where the water supplies are mainly
based on bank filtration and artificial recharge.
Conclusions:
The concentrations found in drinking waters decreased with the concentrations of the corresponding raw water samples along
the flow direction of the Ruhr river (from east to west) and were not significantly different from surface water concentrations.
This indicates that perfluorinated surfactants are at present not successfully removed by water treatment steps.
Recommendations and Perspectives:
Because of their different problematic properties (persistence, mobility, toxicity, bioaccumulation), the concentrations of
specific perfluorinated surfactants and their precursors in drinking waters and food have to be minimised. Therefore, it is
of utmost importance to take the initiative to establish suitable legal regulations (limitations/ban) concerning the production
and use of these surfactants and their precursors. Furthermore, it is indispensable to protect water resources from these
compounds. A discussion on appropriate limit values in drinking water and foodstuffs is urgently needed. Concerning the assumed
soil contamination, the corresponding regulation (Bioabfall-Verordnung 1998 – Regulation on Organic Waste 1998) should be
extended to allow the control of relevant organic pollutants. 相似文献
624.
大气中芳香胺及吡啶类化合物的离子色谱法测定 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
采用GDX-501富集大气中芳香胺及吡啶类化合物,经沸水解吸后解吸液直接注入离子色谱仪,用紫外/可见光检测器进行测定。方法灵敏、简便,可同时测定吡啶、2-甲基吡啶、3-甲基吡啶、苯胺、邻-甲苯胺、间-甲苯胺等。当采样体积为30L时,方法的最低检出浓度范围为0.05~0.10mg/m3(吡啶~间甲苯胺),测定的回收率为84.7%~95.9%,相对标准偏差为4.0%~6.6%。 相似文献
625.
厌氧-好氧活性污泥法处理高浓度甲醇废水 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
介绍了厌氧一好氧活性污泥法处理电管厂高浓度甲醇废水的动态试验结果。试验结果表明:该方法处理高浓度甲醇废水,可以克服甲醇废水厌氧处理容易酸化的问题.运行稳定.抗负荷冲击性强.处理效果良好。 相似文献
626.
微电解法在废水处理中的研究及应用 总被引:15,自引:0,他引:15
概述了近20多年来国内外微电解法在染料、印染、重金属、农药、制药、油分等废水处理方面的研究应用及进展,对其处理机理进行了分析。微电解法处理速度快、效率高,主要是在处理过程中同时发生吸附作用和电化学还原作用。因此,该法是一种很有实用价值的废水处理方法。为进一步提高微电解的处理效果,提出了目前微电解法应用中存在的几个问题,并初步探讨了今后的发展动向。 相似文献
627.
628.
629.
630.
作为对废物进行无害化处理及资源化利用的特殊企业,废物处理企业在清洁生产中扮演着与其它企业不同的独特角色。废物处理企业不仅作为废物处理和资源化利用的主体在清洁生产中发挥着直接的作用,而且还通过对废物产生源的影响、对废物处理技术和管理经验的开发和实践、以及对废物有关信息的反馈等方式,对废物产生单位的经营和管理部门决策施加影响,从而起到影响和促进清洁生产的作用。 相似文献