石油烃降解菌的筛选及其降解特性研究

从连云港某废弃化工厂污染土壤中分离筛选高效石油烃降解菌株,研究菌株的生理生化特征并对其进行测序和种属鉴定,采用单因素试验对菌株降解柴油的环境因子进行分析。结果表明：从污染土壤中共分离出柴油降解菌株4株,经过测序及同源比对,与该4株菌株同源性最高的分别为阴沟肠杆菌（Enterobacter_cloacae,HY1）,肺无色杆菌（Achromobacter_pulmonis,HY2）,台湾假单胞菌（Pseudomonas_taiwanensis,HY3）,铜绿假单胞菌（Pseudomonas_aeruginosa,HY4）,同源性均达98%以上;4株菌株具备不同的产表面活性剂能力和柴油降解能力,其中菌株HY1和HY2对柴油的降解率最高,当柴油浓度为0.5%,处理时间为20 d时,二者对柴油的降解率均达37%以上;通过单因素试验对降解条件进行优化后,发现在柴油浓度为0.5%,降解时间为8 d时,菌株HY2和HY1最佳降解条件是初始pH为7,摇床转速为180 r/min,接种量为3%~4%,此时,二者对柴油的降解率分别为40.15%和43.87%。本研究可以丰富石油烃降解菌的菌种信息,为石油烃污染土壤修复提供菌种资源及数据支持。

     

Testing emissions equivalency metrics against climate policy goals

The climate impacts of energy technologies are frequently assessed using equivalency metrics, which convert emissions of multiple greenhouse gases to a common scale. Numerous metrics have been proposed that incorporate, in different ways, information about the time-dependent impacts of gases. However, more focus has been placed on proposing metrics than on testing their performance in real-world use cases. Here we present a testing approach that simulates how metrics would affect the selection of energy technology portfolios that comply with a CO₂-equivalent emissions cap. Unintended radiative forcing outcomes can occur, emphasizing the need to test metrics in a practical context. We demonstrate the approach for policies designed to limit radiative forcing and discuss extensions to limits on temperature or economic impacts. Metric performance is evaluated by (i) how much actual radiative forcing overshoots the intended stabilization level and (ii) the level of energy consumption permitted. We use this testing approach to study a variety of metrics based on an estimated radiative forcing stabilization time under two climate policy goals. We find that these goal-inspired metrics, if chosen carefully, can exhibit performance improvements over the standard global warming potential (GWP) while maintaining its transparency and ease-of-use. These alternative metrics can significantly reduce the overshoot in radiative forcing observed with the GWP, at a small cost in energy consumption. Moreover, simple metrics can exhibit similar performance improvements to more complex ones.     

城市生活垃圾卧式气流分选特性研究

利用处理能力100 kg/h的卧式气流分选机开展生活垃圾中塑料分选实验。实验结果表明:进风角度为10°、15°时,分别对应存在>8.5 m/s、7.7～9.3 m/s的风速范围,使塑料的纯度和分选效率达到80%以上;利用Fluent软件模拟,结果表明:进风角度>15°时,分选机内气流复杂,塑料纯度和分选效率的波动性大,仅存在较窄的风速范围可使总纯度和分选效率同时达到80%以上。     

碳中和时代下我国能量自给型污水处理厂发展方向及工程实践

基于碳中和背景及污水处理可持续、低碳运行理念,分析了我国污水处理厂不同水质、工艺类型、规模等条件下的能源消耗及能源回收特点,提出了以“碳改向技术+低耗高效复合脱氮技术+污泥厌氧共消化技术+污水热能回收技术+节能降耗技术”的污水处理新模式是实现我国能源自给型污水处理厂的关键,并提出我国污水处理厂实现碳中和应分为“完全能源自给”及“能源供应工厂”两个目标.此外,对基于此背景下建设的北京某再生水厂的理论能源自给情况进行了分析,结果表明,通过节能降耗、引入外源有机物、污水源热泵回收等措施,北京某再生水厂能源自给率由12.2%分别提高至17.1%、21.6%、84.7%.     

Distribution and mode of occurrence of uranium in bottom ash derived from high-germanium coals

The radioactivity of uranium in radioactive coal bottom ash(CBA) may be a potential danger to the ambient environment and human health. Concerning the limited research on the distribution and mode of occurrence of uranium in CBA, we herein report our investigations into this topic using a number of techniques including a five-step Tessier sequential extraction, hydrogen fluoride(HF) leaching, Siroquant(Rietveld) quantification, magnetic separation, and electron probe microanalysis(EPMA). The Tessier sequential extraction showed that the uranium in the residual and Fe–Mn oxide fractions was dominant(59.1%and 34.9%, respectively). The former was mainly incorporated into aluminosilicates,retained with glass and cristobalite, whereas the latter was especially enriched in the magnetic fraction, of which about 50% was present with magnetite(Fe_3O_4) and the rest in other iron oxides. In addition, the uranium in the magnetic fraction was 2.6 times that in the non-magnetic fraction. The experimental findings in this work may be important for establishing an effective strategy to reduce radioactivity from CBA for the protection of our local environment.     

超细颗粒物PM25控制技术综述

PM2.5由于其较小的粒径、巨大的比表面积、较大的危害等特点受到世界各国的广泛研究。对此从亚微米粒子的来源、性质、危害等方面进行阐述,对比和总结国内外目前常用的控制技术,详细叙述了静电和其他除尘器相结合以及交流凝并技术脱出超细颗粒物的原理。交流凝并是一种适合收集亚微米粒子的有效方法,这种方法收集效果好,经济实用,适用于去除炼钢、焊接、煤炭燃烧后产生的悬浮性粉尘粒子等方面。研究粒子的荷电、凝并对继续完善荷电凝并理论,提高亚微米粒子的收集效果是十分必要的。     

Water purification with sintered porous materials fabricated at 400℃ from sea bottom sediments

A sintering technology for preparing porous materials from sea bottom sediments was developed for use in water purification. The purpose of the present study was to develop methods for converting the sea bottom sediments dredged from Ago Bay into value-added recycled products. The sintered products fabricated at 400℃ were found to be very effective adsorbents for the removal of heavy metals.     

New eco-friendly proposal for the crystallization of beet raw juice

In the past years we evaluated different strategies with the aim of eliminating completely from the beet sugar factory, the traditional calco-carbonic purification process taking into account the well-known problems related to the utilization of lime and the production of carbonation sludge.To complete the picture of the possible solutions to be adopted for the elimination of the traditional purification process, we tested and evaluated in laboratory and in pilot plants a new eco-friendly proposal.The results obtained, as well as the proposed flow-sheet and some economic evaluations, are presented and discussed.     

室内空气污染物及净化技术研究

针对人们关心的室内空气污染问题,分析了室内空气污染物的种类、来源和污染影响及避免室内空气污染应采取的措施,通过目前室内空气污染治理技术现状分析,比较了现有各类空气净化器处理效果,提出过滤、静电及光催化技术于一体的新型空气净化器的设计思路,并从安全评估、技术、标准、市场运营等方面提出促进空气污染治理技术市场发展的建议.     

基于水污染治理目标需求的AHP-TOPSIS技术适用性评估方法研究

针对水污染治理目标的差异化需求,构建了一套水污染治理技术适用性评估方法。评估指标体系既包括反映水污染治理目标的评估指标,又包含技术本身的性能指标;在具体评估中,先采用层次分析法（AHP）对指标体系中每项指标赋权,再采用优劣解距离法（TOPSIS）对备选技术进行综合性能评估,进而筛选出满足水污染治理目标需求的适配性推荐技术。采用该方法对某海绵城市建设和某黑臭水体治理项目进行案例应用研究,考察所构建的技术适用性评估方法是否能够达到预期效果。这2个案例由于治理目标需求不同,构建的技术评估指标体系和评估指标权重不同,导致从同一技术储备库中筛选出的适配性推荐技术并不一致,表明AHP-TOPSIS技术适用性评估方法可以依据水污染治理目标需求的差异性筛选出适配性推荐技术。