纳米TiO2光催化反应器研究进展

光催化氧化作为一种高级氧化技术,在环境工程治理领域得到较快的发展。主要介绍了纳米TiO2光催化反应器近年来的研究进展,对各类型反应器的优缺点进行了深入分析,并展望了催化反应器应用前景。     

Membrane fouling control by ultrasound in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor

In this study, ultrasound was used to control the membrane fouling online in an anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AMBR). Short-term running experiments were carried out under different operating conditions to explore feasible ultrasonic parameters. The experimental results indicated that when the crossflow velocity was more than 1.0 m/s, membrane fouling could be controlled effectively only by hydrodynamic methods without ultrasound. When ultrasound was applied, an ultrasonic power range of 60–150 W was suitable for the membrane fouling control in the experimental system. The experimental results showed that the membrane fouling was controlled so well that membrane filtration resistance (ΣR) could stay at 5 × 10¹¹ m⁻¹ for more than a week with the crossflow velocity of 0.75 m/s, which equaled the effect of crossflow velocity of more than 1.0 m/s without ultrasound. Translated from Techniques and Equipment for Environmental Pollution Control, 2006, 7(4): 25–29 [译自: 环境污染治理技术与设备]     

一种粉煤灰加气砼清洁生产新技术的研究

针对粉煤灰加气砼砌块生产的特点，分析了粉煤灰加气砼清洁生产的基本技术，设计了一种粉煤灰加气砼破碎磨粉车间清洁生产新方法，该方法能实现粉煤灰加气砼破碎磨粉车间湿式去尘，并有效提高水、气资源的综合利用率，该方法也可用于其它粉尘排放量大的场所除尘。     

单级与两级序批式反应器用于牛场污水处理的比较研究

对序批式反应器 (SBR)的特点进行了简要的介绍。研究了水力停留时间和有机负荷率对单级和两级SBR用于牛场污水处理时污染物去除率和出水水质的影响 ,并对单级和两级SBR的污水处理性能进行了比较。研究结果表明 ,当用单级SBR处理 10 0 0 0mg LCODCr的污水时 ,1d水力停留时间即可获得较好的处理效果 ,但出水中仍含有一定量的氨。两级SBR可使用较短的水力停留时间而获得较高的污染物去除率和较好的出水水质 ,并可通过硝化过程实现氨的完全的去除     

多级环流曝气技术处理工业污水的实验研究

在结构简单、占地面积小、氧利用率高的多级环流曝气小型实验装置上，对某种石油化工排放污水进行了生化处理性能实验。分别利用间歇和连续两种装置进行污水的处理，均得到了良好的试验结果。间歇实验探索了污水降解与系统中溶解氧的变化情况的对比，摸索出了两者之间的初步关系。连续实验表明，污水的停留时间在3-5h时，出水COD可以降到80mg／L以下。     

A／O-化学除磷工艺中DMBR动态膜成膜条件研究

根据动态膜原理，将0．1mm孔径无纺布为膜材的动态膜反应器（Dynamic Membrane BioReactor，DMBR）应用于A／O-化学除磷工艺之中，在动态膜反应器内完成泥水分离。试验测试了曝气强度、初始膜通量和污泥浓度对动态膜成膜的影响。结果表明，曝气强度和初始膜通量是影响成膜的关键性参数。当曝气强度≥60m^3／m^2·h或初始膜通量≥70L／m^2·h，2h内均不能形成截留性能良好的动态膜。在VSS／SS较低的污泥系统中，适宜的成膜条件为：曝气强度≤40m^3／m^2·h；初始膜通量≤40L/m^2·h。     

生物膜反应器处理洗涤污水的试验

介绍了采用生物膜反应器处理洗涤污水的试验研究方法，研究了COD、LAS和NH3-N的去除效果。试验结果表明：整个系统出水稳定，水质良好（COD〈38．7mg／L、NH3-N〈1．1mg／L、LAS〈0．9mg／L，且无色无味、无SS），符合国家建设部生活杂用水回用水质标准，且具有较强的抗冲击负荷能力。在生物膜反应器中，微生物对污染物的去除起主要作用，而中空纤维膜对维持系统的稳定出水起重要作用。     

陶瓷微滤膜过滤黑液的清洗与再生

对无机陶瓷微滤膜过滤草桨黑液的膜清洗及再生的方法进行了研究。考察了物理和化学方法的再生效果、单种清洗剂的清洗效果、复合方法的清洗效果和效果的可重复性。结果表明物理冲洗、高温灼烧、单一的化学清洗剂清洗均可以提高陶瓷膜的再生通量；但是复合方法对陶瓷微滤膜的再生效果较好，其中按氢氧化钠溶液清洗、硝酸溶液清洗、次氯酸钠溶液清洗的实验步骤，膜的再生渗透通量高．且重复性强，可望在工业生产的在线清洗中应用。     

Fulvic acid removal by nanoparticle TiO2 using a submerged membrane photocatalysis reactor

The degradation of fulvic acid（FA） by nanoparticle TiO2 in a submerged membrane photocatalysis（SMPC） reactor was studied. In this reactor, photocatalytic oxidation and membrane separation co-occured. The continuous air supplier provided O2 for the photocatalytical reaction and mixed the solution through an airflow controller. The particle TiO2 could automatically settle due to gravity without particle agglomeration so it could be easily separated by microfiltration（MF） membrane. It was efficient to maintain high flux of membranes. The effects of operational parameters on the photocatalytic oxidation rate of FA were investigated. Results indicated that photocatalyst at 0.5 g/L and airflow at 0.06 m^3/h were the optimum condition for the removal of fulvic acid, the removal efficiency was higher in acid media than that in alkaline media. The effects of different filtration duration on permeate flux rate of MF with P25 powder and with nanoparticle TiO2 were compared. Experimental results indicated that the permeate flux rate of MF was improved and the membrane fouling phenomenon was reduced with the addition of nanoparticle TiO2 catalyst compared with conventional P25 powder. Therefore, this submerged membrane photocatalysis reactor can faciliate potential application of photocatalytic oxidation process in drinking water treatment.     

膜生物反应器膜污染的水力学控制实验研究

叙述了膜污染是影响膜-生物反应器处理技术推广应用的关键因素，采用水动力学方法是控制膜污染的有效方法。在不同污泥浓度条件下。对不同曝气强度下膜污染的发展速率及其形成机理进行了试验研究，研究结果表明：对应于不同污泥浓度均存在一个经济曝气强度，其大小随污泥浓度升高呈线性增加，膜生物反应器在经济曝气强度条件下运行可控制膜污染的发展；并从理论上推导出一个临界污泥浓度，其值为5．15g／L。对应于临界污泥浓度，并且污泥絮体在膜面可形成比较稳定的动态膜，膜过滤压差上升的速率最慢，膜生物反应器在此临界污泥浓度条件下运行膜污染发展最为缓慢。