超滤膜材质对处理电泳漆液的影响

本文研究了聚砜，酞侧基聚砜，磺化聚砜，聚丙烯腈，醋酸纤维素，氰乙基醋酸纤维素，氯甲基化聚砜和季胺化聚砜等材质超滤膜的亲水性能，荷电性能以及它们对超滤阳极和阴极电泳漆液的影响，实验结果表明：亲水性较强，电负性较强的氰乙基醋酸纤维素和醋酸纤维素膜，适合用于处理阳极电泳漆液；而亲水性较强，电中性和电正性较强的氯甲基化聚砜和季胺化聚砜膜，则适合用于处理阴极电泳漆液。     

废水处理一体化生物反应器的发展

废水处理的一体化生物反应器由于具有投资少、占地小、管理运行方便等特点备受青睐.较早的有一体化氧化沟、SBR反应器、一体式膜生物反应器等.随着一体化反应器的发展,生物膜法被结合起来作为主体工艺,另外好氧工艺也与厌氧/缺氧工艺结合起来,出现了很多系统有机负荷更高、抗冲击能力更强、脱氮除磷效果更好的新式一体化反应器,如AmOn一体化生物反应器、五箱一体化反应池、一体化生物转筒反应器IBDR、A/O一体式曝气生物滤池等.一体化生物反应器的发展适应我国国情,具有广阔的应用和发展前景.参37     

Parametric analysis of water electrolysis by dual electrolytes and cells

In this study, sulfuric acid and potassium hydroxide are used as the electrolytes, separated by proton exchange membrane, to produce hydrogen. The effects of electrolyte concentrations, applied voltage, single or dual cells, and temperature on the hydrogen production rate and energy efficiency are investigated. Experimental results show that the amount of hydrogen production increases with voltage, and the dual electrolytes and cells can yield the best hydrogen production rate and energy efficiency. With 1-M KOH plus 1-M H₂SO₄ as electrolytes in separated cells, the highest hydrogen production rate is about 0.95 L/hr. Results also show that the rise of electrolyte temperature can significantly increase the hydrogen production rate up to 50%, and the energy efficiency up to 20%. Keeping a low PH value in cathodeand high anode PH value in anode indeed enhances the efficiency of hydrogen production rate.     

垃圾渗滤液处理纳滤浓缩液的减量试验研究

采用1种纳滤膜和2种反渗透膜对垃圾渗滤液处理过程中产生的纳滤浓缩液进行处理,研究进水压力、回收率、膜通量对膜工艺运行稳定性、出水水质的影响。研究结果表明,在试验条件下垃圾渗滤液纳滤浓缩液可减量50%以上,反渗透产水指标满足《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质》(GB/T 18920—2002)城市绿化及娱乐性环境用水-湖泊类的要求。     

电氧化法处理垃圾渗滤液膜滤浓缩液的试验研究

垃圾渗滤液膜滤浓缩液是垃圾渗滤液经生物降解后再经RO或NF膜截留的残余液,可生化性差、含盐量高、处理困难。本文采用电氧化法处理纳滤浓缩液,试验结果表明:电氧化法在纳滤浓缩液的处理上具有优势。在反应时间6h,对纳滤浓缩液的COD,TDS,Cl~-去除率分别达到82%,12%,51%,吨水耗电45k W·h。本试验研究在处理效果、能耗等方面达到了预期效果,为电氧化技术在纳滤浓缩液处理中的实际应用取得突破。     

Positively charged microporous ceramic membrane for the removal of Titan Yellow through electrostatic adsorption

To develop a depth filter based on the electrostatic adsorption principle, positively charged microporous ceramic membrane was prepared from a diatomaceous earth ceramic membrane.The internal surface of the highly porous ceramic membrane was coated with uniformly distributed electropositive nano-Y_2O_3 coating. The dye removal performance was evaluated through pressurized filtration tests using Titan Yellow aqueous solution. It showed that positively charged microporous ceramic membrane exhibited a flow rate of 421 L/(m~2·hr) under the trans-membrane pressure of 0.03 bar. Moreover it could effectively remove Titan Yellow with feed concentration of 10 mg/L between pH 3 to 8. The removal rate increased with the enhancement of the surface charge properties with a maximum rejection of 99.6%. This study provides a new and feasible method of removing organic dyes in wastewater. It is convinced that there will be a broad market for the application of charged ceramic membrane in the field of dye removal or recovery from industry wastewater.     

Phosphorus-doped graphene supported palladium (Pd/PG) electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction in PEM water electrolysis

PEM water electrolysis is one of the most efficient methods for the production of hydrogen because of produced high purity of the gases and environmentally friendly. In the present study, Phosphorus-doped Graphene (PG) was synthesized by thermal annealing of triphenylphosphine (TPP) and graphene oxide (GO). The PG supported palladium (Pd/PG) electrocatalysts were synthesized by chemical reduction method and used as the cathode for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrode. Structural properties and electrochemical performances of the synthesized Pd/PG electrocatalyst were studied by FE-SEM, EDS, ICP, FT-IR, XRD, and Cyclic voltammetry (CV) methods, respectively. The membrane electrode assemblies (MEA’s) were fabricated using Pd/PG as cathode for HER electrode and RuO₂ as anode for OER electrode. Also, their electrochemical performances along with the corresponding hydrogen yields were evaluated in single cell PEM water electrolyzer at various experimental conditions such as different current densities from 0.1 to 2.0 A cm^?2 and temperatures (28–80°C). The synthesized Pd/PG electrocatalyst was observed a current density of 1 A cm^?2 with 1.95 V at 80°C. Further, long-term stability studies were carried out continuously up to 2000 h which showed a reasonable stability. Hence, the synthesized Pd/PG can be used as an alternative to Pt-based electrocatalysts for the HER in PEM water electrolysis.     

Evaluation and in situ assessment of photodegradation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in semipermeable membrane devices deployed in ocean water

Semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) were deployed in water using four different methods: a typical SPMD cage with and without a mesh cover, a bowl chamber and without any protection. In addition to routinely used performance reference compounds (PRCs), perdeuterated dibenz[a,h]anthracene was added. Due to its high sampler to water partition coefficient no measurable clearance due to diffusion was expected during the deployment period, hence any observed loss could be attributed to photodegradation. The loss of PRCs was measured and SPMD-based water concentrations determined. Results showed that a typical SPMD deployment cage covered with mesh provided the best protection from photodegradation. Samplers which had undergone the highest photodegradation underestimated PAH water concentrations by up to a factor of 5 compared to the most protected SPMDs. This study demonstrates that the potential for photodegradation needs to be addressed when samplers are deployed in water of low turbidity.     

反渗透与超滤及其在水处理中的应用

反渗透与超滤是水处理中广泛应用的膜分离技术,给水处理中反渗透应用较多,废水处理中超滤应用较广泛。     

连续微滤装置的清洗工艺

通过对国产连续微滤（CMF）装置运行以及清洗后的跨膜压差和膜通量的研究,对该装置的化学清洗工艺进行了优化。结果表明：在过滤运行20min、气一水双洗30s、大流量反冲洗25s、排污10s的运行条件下,CMF装置适宜的化学清洗周期为60d;最佳化学清洗方法是用高锰酸钾、盐酸和草酸溶液冲洗并与多段水洗工艺相结合。该工艺提高了化学清洗的效率,清洗后装置的跨膜压差最多可减少0．0150MPa。