物理化学预处理与膜分离技术的应用

将物理化学预处理与膜分离技术深度处理结合应用于工业废水处理，可使其中的Ｃｒ６＋＜０．５ｍｇ／ｌ，Ｚｎ２＋＜２０ｍｇ／ｌ，ｐＨ６～９。用膜分离技术处理造纸废水可回收其中的木质素和糖份，回收率均为６０％左右。     

膜生物反应器与传统活性污泥工艺除污特性比较

比较了膜生物反应器（MBR）和传统活性污泥工艺（CAS）在相同运行条件下对生活污水的除污特性.结果表明,MBR系统对COD、NH3-N和TN的平均去除率比CAS分别高14.4%、51.2%和37.3%.但MBR中膜的截留使系统相对比较封闭,制约了通过排放高磷污泥的生物法除磷,除磷效率仅为32.9%,低于CAS工艺（43.0%）;将MBR与化学除磷工艺相结合,MBR系统除磷效率可达93.3%.     

Treatment of a dyeing wastewater from a woolen mill using an A/O membrane bio-reactor

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Test of membrane bioreactor for waste water treatment in a petrochemical complex

Membrane bioreactor (MBR) used in water and waste water treatment is a developing technique for water pollution control and water reuse. This paper describes a membrane-bioreactor for treatment of waste water in a petrochemical complex. The experimental MBR was a lab scale one composed of an activated sludge bioreactor unit and an ultrafiltration membrane unit. The relationship of COD removal with MLSS and HRT in this MBR was studied. The effects of crossflow velocity, backwash interval and volume of flush liquid on the flux were discussed. The results showed that average removal of COD, oil, SS and turbidity in petrochemical waste water by the MBR was 91%, 86%, 92% and 99% respectively. The average removal of NH₃-N and total phosphorous was 85% and 82%. A coefficient of COD removal, k, was 0.017-0.080 L/(mg.d). The membrane flux maintained higher than 60 L/hm2 bar for 34 days without chemical cleaning when the velocity of crossflow was 3.5-3.9 m/s and the backwash interval was 30 minutes and backwash duration at 20 seconds. The results indicated that it is feasible for MBR technology to be used in petrochemical waste water treatment. The treated water could be considered as a source used to make up water for industrial cooling system or to be reused for other purposes.     

炼油厂废碱液治理技术的研究

针对炼油厂废碱液存在的问题，研究一种新处理技术—溶剂萃取、破乳和臭氧氧化。为了解不同水质、ｐＨ值、温度的影响而进行试验研究，并获得了最佳操作参数。试验结果表明该技术在脱酚、除油、脱色脱臭方面是一种有效方法。     

Extraction of DNA from amniotic fluid cells for the early prenatal diagnosis of genetic disease

Ten-ml samples of amniotic fluid were taken from pregnancies being terminated at 8–14 weeks' gestation. DNA was extracted from the amniotic cells by sequential centrifugation and analysed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Fifteen samples were analysed for evidence of maternal contamination using Mfd5 oligo-nucleotide primers for repeat polymorphisms. Ten amniotic fluid samples were tested for the Delta-F₅₀₈ deletion characteristic of cystic fibrosis to demonstrate a diagnostic application for the technique. In each case, DNA extracted from fetal tissue from the same pregnancy was included in the controls. In 14 of the 15 cases tested with the Mfd5 primers, both the amniotic fluid DNA and the fetal DNA showed no evidence of contaminating DNA. In one case, neither the amniotic fluid cells nor the fetal cells yielded results. In nine of the ten cases tested with the Delta-F₅₀₈ primers, the amniotic fluid cell DNA provided accurate information about the genetic status of the fetus; in the tenth, the fetal DNA failed to amplify. The results indicate that adequate DNA can be extracted from amniotic fluid from 8 weeks' gestation onward and these samples are suitable for prenatal diagnosis using PCR.     

某电镀厂附近农田土壤中的重金属形态研究

通过连续提取法对电镀废水污染区和对照区农田土壤中的重金属元素Cu、Cr、Ni、Pb和Mn形态进行了研究.结果显示,污染区土壤中多种形态的Cu、Cr和Ni含量都显著高于对照区,尤其以它们的有机结合态差异最为显著.污染区较对照区土壤中Mn的总量虽无显著差异,但可交换态Mn的含量显著增加(分别为98.68mg/kg和40.75mg/kg).污染区与对照区土壤中的Pb的交换态、碳酸盐结合态、Fe-Mn氧化物结合态、有机结合态和残留态均无显著差异.电镀废水的污染使得农田土壤中Cu、Cr和Ni含量和生物有效性显著升高,Mn的化学形态改变,移动性和生物有效性增加.     

溶剂萃取--蒸汽蒸馏法处理含油污泥

为了实现含油污泥的资源化和无害化，对含油污泥进行了室温下的三氯甲烷溶剂萃取，然后在温度３２０～４８０℃、压力０．２ＭＰａ下进行水蒸汽蒸馏０～９０ｍｉｎ的掊油实验，结果表明含油污泥中加入３倍的萃取溶剂进行萃取，再按１ｇ油泥加０．５ｍＬ的水在４００℃下蒸馏，４５ｍｉｎ效果较好，脱油率达８０％～９５％。     

饮用水中五种有机磷农药的快速检测法

本文介绍了使用Ｗａｔｅｒｓ ＯＡＳＩＳ－ＨＬＢ固相萃取小柱从水中分离富集敌百虫、敌敌畏、乐果、甲基对硫磷，对硫磷五种有机磷农药的快速检测法。     

膜技术在挥发性有机蒸汽（VOC）处理中的应用

有机蒸汽（VOC）排放到大气中会引起健康，环境、安全等一系列问题。采用膜技术来处理VOC具有投资较小、分离效率高、能量消耗低、操作简单、不形成二次污染等优点，所以在处理VOC方面有着广泛的应用。文中介绍了膜分离技术处理有机蒸汽的原理，膜法处理有机蒸汽的过程及其工艺流程。