电镀综合废水对DF膜的污染

江苏某电镀厂的电镀综合废水在采用DF膜进行预处理时,膜易受到污染。针对这一问题,采用DF膜生产厂家提供的小试装置,研究探索了膜污染的原因及其具体特征。实验结果表明,在处理电镀综合废水时,DF膜的污染速率较快,而酸洗对DF膜的恢复性较好,研究还证实电镀综合废水中的无氰沉锌水洗液是造成DF膜污染的主要原因。     

磁性生物膜载体的规模化制备、表征和应用

利用机械力化学表面改性原理设计了卧式双旋搅拌混合反应设备,通过磁铁矿粉和适量浓硫酸的球磨混合反应制备得到磁性生物膜载体,其XRD、IR、SEM和BET表征分析结果表明,磁性生物膜载体表层生成了多羟基硫酸铁为主的活性组分.进而在膜生物反应器实验装置中投加磁性生物膜载体进行了中试实验,结果表明,磁性生物膜载体能与活性污泥中的微生物聚合形成稳定的菌胶团,活性污泥SV30从实验初期89％降到了稳定期的39％,此外,磁性生物膜载体还具有稳定膜生物反应池出水COD,强化脱氮除磷的能力.     

某动车段污水处理调试方案设计

采用"MBBR+高效沉淀池"的工艺流程,对动车段内的生活污水和集便污水进行处理.为获得系统最佳运行参数,制定调试方案,分别进行单机调试、单元调试和系统调试,以生化池的单元调试为重点.通过工程的实施,为今后生活污水+集便污水处理工艺调试提供参考.     

Determination of organochlorine and organophosphate pesticide residues in fruits,vegetables and sediments

Abstract

A method is described for the determination of organochlorine and organophosphate pesticide residues in fruits, vegetables and sediments. The concentrated solvent extract was sealed in a polymeric membrane tube, dialysed in cyclohexane and the solvent replaced with hexane. The organophosphates were analysed on a specific thermionic detector without further clean‐up. For the organochlorine pesticides the extract was eluted through 3 g of alumina and analysed on GC/ECD. The clean‐up for sediment extract was carried out on a10 g alumina column with 100 mL hexane containing 5% acetone and the eluate was concentrated to 5 mL.

The detection limit for organophosphates on a 40 g sample and a final volume of 10 mL was on the average 0.01 mg/kg. The detection limit for organochlorine pesticides, with the final volume of 25 mL, was 0.005 mg/kg for all pesticides except for p,p'‐DDT and endosulfan sulphate, which was 0.01 mg/kg.

The detection limit for oganochlorine pesticides in sediment, with the final volume of 2 mL, was less than 1 μg/kg and for organophosphate pesticides less than 10 μg/kg when the final volume was made to 0.5 mL. At the detection limits the method produced a very high coefficient of variation for both organochlorine and organophosphate pesticides.     

Genotoxicity of chromium in vitro on yeast: Interaction with DNA†

The genotoxicity of chromium chloride was investigated in cells of D₇ strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae harvested either from logarithmic or stationary growth phase.

A weak induction of mifotic gene conversion and point reverse mutation was obtained when the incubations were performed using phosphate buffer. No genetic effect was observed when the incubations were performed using Tris‐HCl buffer.

The experiments with ⁵¹Cr radiotracer demonstrated that Cr³⁺ ion enters the yeast cells and binds to DNA even if the incubation mixture was performed with Tris HCl buffer. This behaviour could be due to the highest concentration of CrCl₃ that cause some damages to cytoplasmatic membrane.     

膜生物反应器及其组合工艺在有机废水处理中的应用

膜生物反应器是一种膜与生物反应器相结合的废水处理新工艺。介绍了膜生物反应器的种类，特性及其组合工艺。综述了国内外用于有机物废水处理过程中的研究进展及应用现状，并对其发展前景作出了展望。     

膜生物反应器废水处理新工艺

概述了国内外膜生物反应器的研究与应用状况；介绍了其构形与特点；分析了膜污染的成因，影响因素及防制措施；指出了今后的研究方向。     

超滤技术在废水处理中的应用

文章对超滤原理、超滤膜种类、国内外超滤技术发展现状等做了较详尽的阐述,同时着重介绍了超滤技术在油田含油废水、石化含油废水、金属加工用乳化废液、纤维加工油剂废水及羊毛精制废水中回收羊毛脂的应用实例。     

Recovery of gold by chicken egg shell membrane-conjugated chitosan beads

We have successfully prepared a bead-type adsorbent from two materials with different adsorption characteristics. Heavy metals were removed by greatly swollen egg shell membrane-conjugated chitosan beads. The egg shell membrane accumulated and removed precious metal ions from a dilute aqueous solution with a high affinity in a short contact time. Experiments suggested that chitosan beads could take up gold ions with great capacity and selectivity by conjugation with egg shell membrane. Under certain conditions, the selective removal of gold and copper in a mixture of gold and copper ions by egg shell membrane-conjugated chitosan beads was 100% and 2%, respectively. Egg shell membrane-conjugated chitosan beads can be seen as a promising material to recover gold in wastewater from various industries, such as electroplating.     

表面过滤技术在焚烧厂烟气脱酸净化中的作用

随着城市垃圾焚烧工程的发展，国家对焚烧后尾气的处理技术提出了越来越高的要求。基于“表面过滤”理论的Gore过滤技术，不但为粉尘排放达到欧洲标准提供了技术保障，而且为脱酸／硫的后续反应提供了反应界面，在实际应用中可以有效节约反应剂。