水质环境条件对恒流超滤过程的影响研究

研究了用聚丙烯腈中空纤维超滤膜组件净化含腐殖酸类有机物模拟废水的恒流膜过程,考察了水中的Ca2+浓度、离子强度、pH值等水质环境条件对超滤膜过滤性能的影响。试验结果表明,增加水中Ca2+浓度,增大溶液离子强度,以及降低pH值均能增大跨膜压差的增加速率;增加水中Ca2+浓度和降低pH值的效果较明显。Ca2+、离子强度变化基本不影响有机污染物的去除率,而pH值的升高降低了膜对水中有机污染物的去除率。     

灰色关联分析法评价陶瓷膜运行性能

应用灰色关联分析法对陶瓷膜运行过程中各个操作参数的分析,分别得到影响膜通量和COD去除率的各个参数相关度大小排序分别为：跨膜压差〉滤液粒径〉滤液浓度〉过滤时间〉错流速度;跨膜压差〉滤液浓度〉过滤时间〉错流速度〉滤波粒径。通过对过滤液粒径2．09μm,流速1．0m／s,时间20min,跨膜压差不同的情况,进行跨膜压差和过滤液浓度的实验．寻找合适的最佳运行操作压力为0.15MPa。灰色分析结果表明。跨膜压差和过滤液浓度是影响膜通量和COD去除效果的关键因素。在设计和实际运行过程中．把以上2个因素作为主控因素,对延长陶瓷膜使用寿命和保证COD良好去除效果均有重要意义．     

膜法再生水项目费用效益综合评价体系探讨

利用再生水是缓解水资源紧张状况的有效途径之一,膜法水处理技术是生产高品质再生水的重要技术手段。为提高膜法再生水项目投资效益,作为项目科学决策和管理的支持,需要探索建立一套针对性强和科学合理的项目费用效益综合评价体系。采用层次分析法,选择数类适宜的评价指标,初步构建出了针对“膜法再生水项目费用效益综合评价”为目标,以“投资费用评价、国民经济效益”等5项指标为准则层和“建设吨水投资、运行成本”等14个指标为指标层的综合评价指标体系。     

聚乙烯醇微球预涂动态膜的制备及表征

为了提高微滤膜的抗污染性和降低膜组件的价格,利用循环预涂工艺制备出新型聚乙烯醇微球预涂动态膜（PVA-MS/PCDMs）.对不同聚乙烯醇微球预涂量的动态膜进行了系统表征,结果显示,PVA-MS/PCDMs的清水过滤阻力介于0.64×10¹⁰～3.84×10¹⁰ m^-1, 渗透性良好;当预涂量≥23.9 g·m^－２时,可达到微滤分离水平;亲水性随预涂量的增加而增强,动态接触角由基膜的118.25°降低到预涂量为61.9 g·m^－２时的61.52°;利用流动电位法在20℃,pH为8.0±0.2,0.01 mol·Ｌ^－１　KCl溶液的测试条件下,测得当预涂量为15.7 g·m^－２时膜面相对Zeta电位值可达-36.4　mV.并且,通过PVA-MS/PCDMs在SMBR中的短期通量衰减变化（恒压）和对EPS的扩散实验发现,预涂量为23.9～61.9 g·m^－２时,增加了对EPS的扩散渗透性能,且膜通量衰减趋于稳定时仍为基膜的3.5～4.8倍,即提高了抗污染性.     

城市污水二级出水有机物分子量分布和亲疏水特性对纳滤膜污染的影响

分别采用分子量分级膜和XAD-8树脂,研究了污水厂二级出水中有机物分子量分布特征及不同分子量分布区间亲疏水有机物的相对含量,考察了分子量分布及亲疏水特性对纳滤膜透水性能的影响.结果表明,二级出水有机物中,小分子亲水性有机物含量最高,小于2k的有机物占总有机物含量的45.61%,其中亲水性物质占28.07%,疏水性物质占17.54%;不同特征的原水分别经纳滤膜过滤,分子量分布对膜污染影响较大,分子量小于30k时,分子量区间越小,比通量衰减越快,分子量大于30k时,分子量区间越大,比通量衰减越快,且分子量较小的有机物通量衰减程度大于分子量较大有机物;在分子量分布相同区间内,亲水性有机物的比通量衰减较慢,说明相同分子量时,膜对亲水性物质的截留率较低,而疏水性物质是引起膜通量衰减的主要原因.     

Bio-reduction of nitrate from groundwater using a hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor

A hydrogen-based membrane biofilm reactor(MBfR) using H2 as electron donor was investigated to remove nitrate from groundwater.When nitrate was first introduced to the MBfR,denitrification took place on the shell side of the membranes immediately,and the effluent concentration of nitrate continuously decreased with 100% removal rate on day 45 under the influent nitrate concentration of 5 mg NO3--N/L,which described the acclimating and enriching process of autohydrogenotrophic denitrification bacteria.A series of short-term experiments were applied to investigate the effects of hydrogen pressures and nitrate loadings on denitrification.The results showed that nitrate reduction rate improved as H2 pressure increasing,and over 97% of total nitrogen removal rate was achieved when the nitrate loading increased from 0.17 to 0.34 g NO3--N/(m2 ·day) without nitrite accumulation.The maximum denitrification rate was 384 g N/(m3 ·day).Partial sulfate reduction,which occurred in parallel to nitrate reduction,was inhibited by denitrififcation due to the competition for H2 .This research showed that MBfR is effective for removing nitrate from the contaminated groundwater.     

SMBR应用于小规模中水回用工程的调试研究

对应用了SMBR的小规模中水回用工程进行了设计和调试,调试包括活性污泥的间歇培养和连续培养。连续培养试运行期间的监测值说明膜技术的优越性,氨氮和色度的去除主要依靠生物处理。     

膜传质的统计力学模型研究

本文根据压力驱动膜分离过程的特点,采用统计力学传质模型,通过相关的热力学理论和数学方法,建立了考虑粘性流动在内的适用于任意浓度非理想多组分溶液的可实际应用的统计力学膜传质模型,并通过实验对该模型进行了检验,结果表明该模型与实验结果符合的较好。     

盐胁迫对无瓣海桑幼苗根茎叶膜保护系统的影响

通过对无瓣海桑用不同盐度的水3个月的处理,发现无瓣海桑根、茎、叶中蛋白质含量与可溶性总糖含量随盐度的变化而变化.当盐度高于10时,无瓣海桑茎、叶的膜脂质过氧化破坏显著加强.植物体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性也明显增加,两者具有很好的相关性(R2=0.914).随着盐度的升高,无瓣海桑各器官过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性都增强.根据试验结果,无瓣海桑能够在高盐度(50)下存活3个月.在盐度为0-10时,Sa在生理生态上表现对盐环境的适应性.当盐度高于20时,无瓣海桑的生理表现较为敏感,膜脂质氧化破坏严重.     

Preparation of high concentration polyaluminum chloride with high content of Alb or Alc

A novel membrane distillation concentration method was used to prepare high concentration polyaluminum chloride (PACl) with high content of Alb or Alc. 2.52 mol/L PACl1 with 88% Alb and 2.38 mol/L PACl2 with 61% Alc were successfully prepared. Three coagulants, AlCl3, PACl1 and PACl2 were investigated on their hydrolysis behavior and speciation under di erent conditions. The e ects of pH and dilution ratio on Al species distribution were investigated by ferron assay. Experimental result showed that pH had a significant e ect on Al species distribution for the three coagulants. Dilution ratio had little e ects on Alb and Alc distribution in whole dilution process except the beginning for PACl1 and PACl2. The results indicated that transformation of Al depends largely on their original composition. AlCl3 was the most unstable coagulant among these three coagulants during hydrolysis process. PACl1 and PACl2 with significant amounts of highly charged and stable polynuclear aluminum hydrolysis products were less a ected by the hydrolysis conditions and could maintain high speciation stability under various conditions.