回转窑煅烧石油焦清洁生产方案研究

在回转窑煅烧石油焦的过程中,大量的高温烟气和比较严重的粉尘是污染环境的主要因素。文章以清洁生产理论为依据,综合论述了回转窑煅烧石油焦全过程,并对污染处理和资源、能源综合利用等方案进行了研究。在我国,比较成熟的清洁生产技术是采用余热回收蒸汽和袋式除尘技术。回转窑产能大,机械化程度较高,投资少,建设速度快,所产生的污染物易控制,维修费用低,换料容易,是大规模煅烧焦厂家应优先采用的石油焦煅烧设备。     

氯碱工业三氯化氮控制技术研究

三氯化氮（NCl3）是液氯生产中的一种副产物,是生产和使用过程中能够引起爆炸危害的一种易爆物质.其安全监控与防治的重要,已被我国氯碱科技工作者认同而获得共识.尽管如此,我国氯碱工业生产中三氯化氮爆鸣、爆炸事故还在经常发生,安全隐患尚未得到彻底的解决,对生产设备造成了严重的破坏,并造成不同程度的人员伤亡和氯气泄漏事故,损失惨重,危害极大.因此就三氯化氮的性能、爆炸与危害,主要来源、预防措施与消除方法进行了较为详尽的阐述.     

垃圾填埋场渗滤液回流技术研究进展

垃圾填埋场渗滤液回流能有效降低渗滤液中污染物的浓度，提高填埋场稳定化程度，具有广泛的应用前景。本文综述了国内外学者对该技术的研究情况，包括技术特点及相关机理、渗滤液特性研究及回流效果的影响因素，指出了该技术现存的不足之处和尚待解决的理论和技术问题。     

后张梁管道摩阻损失测试技术与数据处理

针对常规测试中存在的问题 ,改进了管道摩阻损失的测试方法 ,消除了喇叭口等因素影响 ,使得管道摩阻测试更加合理和准确。介绍了后张法预应力管道摩阻损失的计算 ,结合秦沈客运专线双线整孔简支箱梁的管道摩阻损失测试 ,利用最小二乘原理对测试数据进行处理 ,得到了摩阻系数 μ和k的计算公式 ,所得参数为施工提供了依据。最后讨论了摩阻系数对张拉控制应力的影响 ,提出现场测试的一般性原则和要求。     

长袋低压脉冲除尘器的创新与发展

依靠科技进步，应用多项专利技术，研制与开发的LFDM型长袋低压脉冲除尘器，成功应用于冶金、有色、建材、电力、机械和矿业等行业的工业气体除尘与净化；具有明显的达标排放和占地小、阻力低、投资省、运行费用少等特点。     

利用GPS-RTK技术进行既有线曲线整正测量研究

既有线曲线整正测量是铁路既有线提速改造和工务部门大修设计的主要任务之一。需要改造的既有铁路一般均为繁忙干线,并行车密度较高。传统的测量方法是将测量仪器安置在线路上,这样不仅在作业过程中受行车干扰,作业效率也不够高,而曲线地段通视条件差,作业难度是相当大的。同时,作业人员的安全问题也变得十分突出。笔者提出采用先进的GPS-RTK技术,对既有线曲线整正进行测量。采用该技术不仅能克服气候条件的限制,而且能以较高的频率,较高的精度测定互不通视的各被测点的坐标,克服了传统的作业方法要求置镜点与被测点之间必须通视、作业受天气影响、存在误差累积、内业计算工作量大等缺陷。该法在保证作业人员安全的前提下大大提高作业效率。     

石油污染土壤生物修复技术的研究进展

目前对石油污染环境的治理方法有物理法、化学法和生物修复三种类型。文章综合论述了国内外对石油污染土壤的几种微生物修复方法,分别介绍了利用植物、动物及微生物进行治理的修复技术。在我国,对于石油污染的治理应更多地采用低成本、无污染、高效率的生物治理技术。     

Evaluation of a recycling process for printed circuit board by physical separation and heat treatment

Printed circuit boards (PCBs) from discarded personal computer (PC) and hard disk drive were crushed by explosion in water or mechanical comminution in order to disintegrate the attached parts. More parts were stripped from PCB of PC, composed of epoxy resin; than from PCB of household appliance, composed of phenol resin.In an attempt to raise the copper grade of PCB by removing other components, a carbonization treatment was investigated. The crushed PCB without surface-mounted parts was carbonized under a nitrogen atmosphere at 873–1073 K. After screening, the char was classified by size into oversized pieces, undersized pieces and powder. The copper foil and glass fiber pieces were liberated and collected in undersized fraction. The copper foil was liberated easily from glass fiber by stamping treatment.As one of the mounted parts, the multi-layered ceramic capacitors (MLCCs), which contain nickel, were carbonized at 873 K. The magnetic separation is carried out at a lower magnetic field strength of 0.1 T and then at 0.8 T. In the +0.5 mm size fraction the nickel grade in magnetic product was increased from 0.16% to 6.7% and the nickel recovery is 74%.The other useful mounted parts are tantalum capacitors. The tantalum capacitors were collected from mounted parts. The tantalum-sintered bodies were separated from molded resins by heat treatment at 723–773 K in air atmosphere and screening of 0.5 mm. Silica was removed and 70% of tantalum grade was obtained after more than 823 K heating and separation.Next, the evaluation of Cu recycling in PCB is estimated. Energy consumption of new process increased and the treatment cost becomes 3 times higher comparing the conventional process, while the environmental burden of new process decreased comparing conventional process.The nickel recovery process in fine ground particles increased energy and energy cost comparing those of the conventional process. However, the environmental burden decreased than the conventional one.The process for recovering tantalum used more heat for the treatment and therefore the energy consumption increased by 50%, when comparing with conventional process. However, the market price for tantalum is very large; the profit for tantalum recovery is added. Also the environmental burden decreased by the recycling of tantalum recovery. Therefore, the tantalum recovery is very important step in the PCB recycling. If there is no tantalum, the consumed energy and treatment cost increase in the new process, though the environmental burden decreases.     

自养脱氮污泥的亚硝化活性恢复策略

为考察自养脱氮污泥亚硝化活性快速恢复的策略,在3个反应器内分别采用不同的方法对经过长期冷冻保存后的污泥进行了恢复活性的研究.其中R1为MBR(膜生物反应器),采用低ρ(DO)(0.30 mg/L)连续流恢复策略;R2为SBR(序批式反应器),采用低ρ(DO)(0.30 mg/L)间歇流恢复策略;R3为SBR,采用低ρ(NH₄+-N)预培养-高曝气-低ρ(DO)运行三阶段的恢复策略.结果表明,R1的恢复时间为46 d,NH₄+-N氧化速率达到4.99 mg/(h·g)(以N计),最终ρ(MLSS)达到5.43 g/L;R2的恢复时间为39 d,NH₄+-N氧化速率达到4.61 mg/(h·g),最终ρ(MLSS)达到4.47 g/L;R3的恢复时间为48 d,NH₄+-N氧化速率达到5.64 mg/(h·g),最终ρ(MLSS)达到5.16 g/L. 3个反应器均能长期抑制亚硝酸盐氧化细菌的活性,使亚硝化稳定运行. 3个反应器中,R3恢复所需时间最长,但污泥活性最好; R1中的污泥活性较低,但是膜组件有效截留了污泥,达到了最高的ρ(MLSS).研究显示,通过厌氧预培养后转为膜生物反应器连续流运行的策略,可有助于污泥的极大保留及污泥活性的最大恢复.      

离子交换膜的制备及发展趋势研究

总结当前离子交换膜制备技术的发展状况.从膜的分类及膜性能出发,讨论均相膜及异相膜的差异和今后各自的发展前景,并就提升膜单方面性能(如:选择透过性、离子交换容量、膜电阻、抗氧化性等)的方式进行归纳总结.离子交换膜的改进制备大多从结构上入手,提出今后膜制备的主要研究方向为:深化均相膜制备技术、结合国内成熟的离子交换树脂制备工艺改进异相膜的制备技术.