Mercury in coal and its emission by coal combustion in the Northeast China

1　ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｒｅｐｏｒｔｓｓｔｕｄｉｅｓｏｆｔｈｅｍｅｒｃｕｒｙｃｏｎｔｅｎｔｓａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｔｈｅｉｒｄｉｓｔｒｉｂｕｔｉｏｎｉｎｃｏａｌｓｆｒｏｍ 12ｍａｉｎｃｏａｌｍｉｎｅｓｉｎｔｈｅＮｏｒｔｈｅａｓｔｏｆＣｈｉｎａａｎｄｔｈｅｅａｓｔｏｆＩｎｎｅｒＭｏｎｇｏｌｉａ .Ｔｈｅｃｏａｌ ｂｕｒｎｉｎｇｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｓａｒｅｄｉｖｉｄｅｄｉｎｔｏｔｈｒｅｅｐａｒｔｓ:ｂｏｔｔｏｍａｓｈ ,ｆｌｙａｓｈｉｎｄｕｓｔｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｏｒａｎｄｔｈｅｐａｒｔｅｓｃａｐｉｎｇ…     

袋式除尘器在国电九江电厂的应用及其对PM2.5的脱除分析

国电九江发电厂“上大压小”扩建工程2 x 660 MW超超临界燃煤机组配套采用旋转式低压脉冲袋式除尘器,对袋式除尘器进出口烟气中PM2.5、SO2、NO、SO3、氯化物、汞等浓度进行了现场测试,结果表明,该袋式除尘器能有效脱除烟气中的PM2.5,其PM2.5数浓度和质量浓度脱除效率可分别高达98.9%和99.7%,同时还可脱除富集在PM2.5表面的颗粒态汞。     

汞矿区汞污染土壤的淋洗修复

以贵州省铜仁市汞矿区汞污染土壤为研究对象,分别采用KI、Na_2S_2O_3、乙二胺四乙酸、柠檬酸、酒石酸、十二烷基硫酸钠溶液对其进行淋洗修复,筛选出合适的淋洗剂,优化了淋洗条件,并探索了淋洗液的处理方法。实验结果表明:对该土壤淋洗效果最好的淋洗剂为Na_2S_2O_3,最佳淋洗条件为Na_2S_2O_3浓度0.01 mol/L、固液比(g/m L)1∶5、淋洗时间4 h、淋洗次数1次,在此条件下土壤中总汞的淋洗率为13.41%,有效态汞含量可降至原来的61.54%;Na2S对淋洗液中的汞具有较好的去除效果,每升淋洗液加入0.6 g Na_2S处理后,即可满足GB8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》。     

应用物种敏感度分布法研究中国无机汞的水生生物水质基准

基于中国的水生生物区系特征,筛选了包括植物、无脊椎动物和脊椎动物等90个水生生物的急性毒性数据,使用物种敏感度分布法探讨了各类物种的敏感度分布特征,推导了中国无机汞的水生生物水质基准.结果表明,甲壳类生物对无机汞最为敏感,Log-Slogistic3对各组数据拟合效果最佳.基于对全部数据的拟合结果,得出无机汞的急性水质基准和慢性水质基准分别是1.743和0.467μg.L-1.该基准值与其他国家使用类似统计外推法得到的基准值在同一数量级,但也存在着差异,反映了各国水生态系统物种组成的差异.中国无机汞水生生物水质基准的建立,旨在保护中国地表水生态系统中的水生生物免受无机汞的高浓度急性暴露以及低浓度慢性暴露产生的毒害效应.比较不同水体无机汞的浓度水平发现,除嘉陵江水体溶解态汞可能会对水生生物具有潜在风险外,西南地区地表水活性汞均不会对水生生物产生危害.     

冷原子吸收法对水中汞溶液浓度测量结果的不确定度评定

对冷原子吸收法测量水中汞溶液浓度的影响因素作了全面分析,对各因素的不确定度进行评估,评定了冷原子吸收法对水中汞溶液浓度测量结果的不确定度。     

Use of Central Stonerollers (Cyprinidae: Campostoma anomalum) from Tennessee as a Bioindicator of Metal Contamination

We compared the levels of arsenic, cadmium, chromium, lead, manganese, mercury and selenium in a small species of fish (Central stonerollers, Campostoma anomalum) collected from East Fork Poplar Creek (EFPC) and a reference site in eastern Tennessee. Stonerollers are minnows in the Cyprinidae family that serve as prey for many carnivores in aquatic systems. Fish were collected from East Fork Poplar Creek within the U.S. Department of Energy's Y-12 National Security Complex, part of the Oak Ridge Reservation, and from a reference stretch of the Little River in East Tennessee. Whole fish were homogenized for analysis. Concentrations of all metals (except arsenic) were significantly higher in stonerollers from EFPC compared to the reference site. Mercury levels in minnows from EFPC averaged 0.4 ppm (μg/g), four times higher than the average for fish in the U.S. in general. This was higher than levels in fish from the nearby Clinch River and higher than fillets of white bass (Morone chrysops) from the same creek. Most metal levels were inversely related to size and weight of the stonerollers, perhaps due to growth dilution.     

燃煤电厂排放总气态汞连续自动监测技术的选择

介绍了汞连续排放监测系统和汞吸附管采样系统的主要特点,比较了不同仪器的测定原理、样品处理技术、检出限和测定汞的形态,报道了美国环境保护署认证中心关于两个系统的认证结果.建议将汞连续排放监测系统与汞吸附管监测系统两种技术联合用于我国燃煤电厂排放总气态汞的自动监测.     

Evaluation of mercury methylation in fresh and pre dried sediments using ~(203)Hg radioisotope

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降水中汞及其它元素来源的识别分析

在北京市不同地点采集４６ 个降水样品,测定了其中汞和其它元素的含量,通过主成分因子分析进行来源识别分析． 结果表明,降水中元素主要来源于燃煤、扬尘、燃油和特殊污染源．降水中汞（Ｈｇ）可能主要是土壤中汞挥发到大气中,经氧化后随降水降到地面．     

Mercury oxidation and adsorption characteristics of potassium permanganate modified lignite semi-coke

The adsorption characteristics of virgin and potassium permanganate modified lignite semi-coke (SC) for gaseous Hg⁰ were investigated in an attempt to produce more effective and lower price adsorbents for the control of elemental mercury emission. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) measurements, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to analyze the surface physical and chemical properties of SC, Mn-SC and Mn-H-SC before and after mercury adsorption. The results indicated that potassium permanganate modification had significant influence on the properties of semi-coke, such as the specific surface area, pore structure and surface chemical functional groups. The mercury adsorption efficiency of modified semi-coke was lower than that of SC at low temperature, but much higher at high temperature. Amorphous Mn⁷⁺, Mn⁶⁺ and Mn⁴⁺ on the surface of Mn-SC and Mn-H-SC were the active sites for oxidation and adsorption of gaseous Hg⁰, which oxidized the elemental mercury into Hg²⁺ and captured it. Thermal treatment reduced the average oxidation degree of Mn^x+ on the surface of Mn-SC from 3.80 to 3.46. However, due to the formation of amorphous MnO_x, the surface oxidation active sites for gaseous Hg⁰ increased, which gave Mn-H-SC higher mercury adsorption efficiency than that of Mn-SC at high temperature.