煤中汞燃烧过程析出规律试验研究

在小型煤粉燃烧实验台架上进行煤燃烧后汞的燃烧形态转化试验研究。采样过程利用了美国EPA推荐使用的On-tario-Hydro方法进行煤样燃烧产物的取样。研究认为，煤样燃烧后烟气中的气态汞总量在10－15μg/m^3范围内，其中二价汞在40％左右，较低的烟气冷却速率可以促进单质汞向二价汞的转化、烟气中的气态汞占总汞的70％左右。     

浓缩法测定水中痕量汞

采用浓缩消解、冷原子吸收的方法 ,测定水中的痕量汞 ,通过多次实验 ,测定方法的准确性和精密度都较高     

An evaluation of mercury emissions from the chlor-alkali industry in China

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孔雀绿萃取光度法测定废水中汞

在pH为 4～ 6的乙酸盐缓冲溶液中 ,碘化汞络阴离子与孔雀绿生成离子缔合物 ,可被苯萃取进行光度测定     

烟草头孢霉F2对氯化汞解毒作用的研究

烟草头孢霉F_2在含200mg/L HgCl_2的液体培养基中生长16h,汞量减少了90％,此后菌量迅速增加,试验了营养条件、HgCl_2浓度、前培养条件、pH及温度等对F_2菌汞解毒作用的影响,初步研究了解毒作用机理.结果表明,该菌能将HgCl_2还原成为元素汞,据分析,约12％的汞挥发到气相中,7％被菌体吸收,其余以元素汞颗粒的形态沉积在培养液底部.     

Mercury pollution and control in China

Before 1970s the Second Songhua River and Ji Canal of China had been polluted seriously by mercury. During peak pollution period, mercury levels in water, sediment and fish body of these rivers were close to or even higher than that of famous Minamata Bay of Japan. Some residents who live near to the polluted rivers were affected and the methyl mercury values in their blood, hair and urine were higher than normal people obviously . Since the fish had decreased even vanished in these rivers, so the food chain that transfers mercury to human also was out off almostly. However, nervous symptoms of Minamata disease were discovered among fisherman who had eaten more fishes. This report relates the stories about the mercury pollution of the Second Songhua River and Ji Canal.     

北京市区及郊区大气中的汞沉降的估算

以Throughfall法估算出北京市1996年大气汞干沉降率为528．88μg.m^2.a^-1，以沉降速率估算出1998年北京市汞的年沉降量为687．5μg.m^-2.a^-1。     

Neurotransmitter level changes in domestic ducks(Shaoxing duck) growing up in typical mercury contaminated area in China

The neurotransmitter le vel changes of ducks exposed 8-month in a mercury-polluted site(Wanshan, China) and a reference site ( Shanghai, China) were examined. Chemical analyses showed both higher mercury and selenium concentrations in the organ of Wanshan ducks. An increased content of acetylcholine(ACh) in brain and blood and a decreased activity of acetylcholinesterase(AChE) in blood were observed. Moreover, there was an increasing trend for nitric oxide synthase(NOS) activity and nitric oxide(NO) production in duck brain, but a reduction of NOS activity in duck serum. The possible explanations were due to the interactive effect of selenium accumulation and the sublethal exposure level of mercury in Wanshan area. The present study showed that AChE and NOS were sensitive to mercury contamination of real circumstance, suggesting that these two indexes have the potential to be biomarkers in assessment of health effects by mercury contamination.     

岩溶流域地表水和地下水硝酸盐来源定量识别

选取岩溶地区花溪河流域典型农业区为研究对象,运用δ¹⁵N-NO₃^-,δ¹⁸O-NO₃^-和δ¹⁸O-H₂O同位素示踪技术和水化学分析方法,阐明了研究区地表水和地下水中硝酸盐的分布特征,并揭示其来源和形成过程,基于R语言下运行的贝叶斯模型（stable isotope analysis in R）,对研究区水体中各种硝酸盐来源的贡献比例进行了定量识别.结果显示：受碳酸岩盐风化的控制,流域内地表水和地下水的水化学类型以HCO₃-Ca型为主,硝酸盐在研究区水体中的空间分布特征受土地利用类型影响明显;在研究区水体硝酸盐形成过程中,硝化作用起主导作用,水体中的硝酸盐来源主要有化肥、降雨中的氨盐、土壤有机氮、粪便和污水,与地表水相比,地下水中硝酸盐受粪便和污水的影响较大;基于SIAR源解析模型分析,大气沉降、化肥、土壤有机氮和粪便污水对研究区地表水硝酸盐的贡献比例分别为3.97%、26.87%、36.80%和32.37%,对地下水硝酸盐的贡献比例分别为2.83%、13.96%、21.03%和62.18%.     

100 years of high GEM concentration in the Central Italian Herbarium and Tropical Herbarium Studies Centre (Florence, Italy)

Up to 1980s, the most used preservative for herbaria specimens was HgCl₂, sublimating at ambient air conditions; ionic Hg then reduces to Hg⁰ (gaseous elemental mercury, GEM) and diffuses throughout poor ventilated environments. High GEM levels may indeed persist for decades, representing a health hazard. In this study, we present new GEM data from the Central Italian Herbarium and Tropical Herbarium Studies Centre of the University of Florence (Italy). These herbaria host one of the largest collection of plants in the world. Here, HgCl₂ was documented as plant preservative up to the 1920s. GEM surveys were conducted in July 2013 and July and December 2017, to account for temporal and seasonal variations.Herbaria show GEM concentrations well above those of external locations, with peak levels within specimen storage cabinets, exceeding 50,000?ng/m³. GEM concentrations up to ~ 7800?ng/m³ were observed where the most ancient collections are stored and no ventilation systems were active. On the contrary, lower GEM concentrations were observed at the first floor. Here, lower and more homogeneously distributed GEM concentrations were measured in 2017 than in 2013 since the air-conditioning system was updated in early 2017.GEM concentrations were similar to other herbaria worldwide and lower than Italian permissible exposure limit of 20,000?ng/m³ (8-hr working day). Our results indicate that after a century from the latest HgCl₂ treatment GEM concentrations are still high, i.e., the treatment itself is almost irreversible. Air conditioning and renewing is probably the less expensive and more effective method for GEM lowering.