以高岭土为原料合成高稳定性介孔分子筛

以廉价的高岭土和硅酸钠为硅源,用水热法合成了介孔分子筛。采用X射线粉末衍射、Fourier变换红外光谱、热分析、N2物理吸附、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜埘样品进行了表征,同时研究了样品的热稳定性和水热稳定性。结果表明：长程有序的介孔分子筛平均孔径约为2．75nm：经900℃焙烧3h或100℃水热处理6d,样品的介孔结构不被破坏,说明样品具有高的热稳定性和水热稳定性。     

Removal of phosphate by Fe-coordinated amino-functionalized 3D mesoporous silicates hybrid materials

Phosphate removal from aqueous waste streams is an important approach to control the eutrophication downstream bodies of water. A Fe(III) coordinated amino-functionalized silicate adsorbent for phosphate adsorption was synthesized by a post-grafting and metal cation incorporation process. The surface structure of the adsorbent was characterized by X-ray di raction, N2 adsoropion/desoprotion technique, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that the adsorption equilibrium data were well fitted to the Langmuir equation. The maximum adsorption capacity of the modified silicate material was 51.8 mg/g. The kinetic data from the adsorption of phosphate were fitted to pseudo second-order model. The phosphate adsorption was highly pH dependent and the relatively high removal of phosphate fell within the pH range 3.0–6.0. The coexistence of other anions in solutions has an adverse e ect on phosphate adsorption; a decrease in adsorption capacity followed the order of exogenous anions: F?? > SO2?? 4 > NO??3 > Cl??. In addition, the adsorbed phosphate could be desorbed by NaOH solutions. This silicate adsorbent with a large adsorption capacity and relatively high selectivity could be utilized for the removal of phosphate from aqueous waste streams or in aquatic environment.     

聚硅酸对不同形态铝沉积行为的影响

针对给水管网中残余铝沉积和再溶解现象可能引起的水质问题,研究了聚硅酸对不同水解聚合形态铝沉积、再溶解的影响,并以石英微晶天平为表征手段,初步探讨了聚硅酸对不同形态铝沉积、再溶解过程影响的机理.结果表明,聚硅酸能显著改变不同水解聚合形态铝的沉积、再溶解行为.聚硅酸可与3种水解聚合形态的铝迅速结合而生成可沉积产物,但产物性质不同.以单体形态为主的Al_0与聚硅酸的反应产物性质较稳定,部分以溶解态存在,部分以非溶解态(可沉积态)存在;尽管铝的两种聚合形态Al_(13)和Al_(30)与聚硅酸反应也生成了部分可沉积产物,但随着时间的推移,这些产物又逐渐向溶解态转化.铝硅比对Al_0体系中铝的沉积溶解行为影响较小,而对Al_(13)和Al_(30)影响较大,且在0.2∶20(以Al和SiO_2计的质量比)时,沉积态铝的溶解速率最快.     

4种典型纳米材料对小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞毒性的初步研究

为探讨不同种类纳米材料对原代培养小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞(Mouse embryo fibroblasts,MEF)的毒性效应及作用机制,选择4种典型的纳米材料(纳米碳、单壁碳纳米管、纳米氧化锌、纳米二氧化硅)制备颗粒悬液,设立5个剂量组(5、10、20、50、100μg·mL-1)对BALB/c小鼠MEF细胞进行24、48、72h染毒培养,利用细胞形态学观察和噻唑蓝实验(MTT比色法)检测上述4种纳米材料对MEF细胞活性的影响,同时,测定染毒24h后细胞培养液上清中乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性以探讨纳米颗粒对细胞膜完整性的影响.结果显示:1)4种纳米材料均能明显影响MEF细胞的生长形态.染毒24h后,MEF细胞发生不同程度的回缩变形,细胞间隙增大,排列稀疏,胞内颗粒物增多,细胞透明度下降.2)纳米碳、纳米氧化锌、纳米二氧化硅对MEF细胞增殖的抑制作用和对细胞膜完整性的损伤作用均随染毒剂量的升高而增强,具有明显的剂量-效应关系,其半数致死浓度(24h-IC50)分别为21.85、21.94、461.10μg·mL-1;碳纳米管组的剂量-效应之间不呈对数线性关系,未能得出其24h-IC50.3)在不同染毒剂量水平上,4种纳米材料的毒性对比差异显著:低剂量水平上纳米碳与碳纳米管的毒性强于纳米氧化锌和纳米二氧化硅,随着剂量的升高纳米氧化锌的细胞毒性升高最为显著.结果提示,纳米材料能够对MEF细胞造成毒性损伤,破坏细胞膜的完整性可能只是作用途径之一;纳米材料的毒性可能受粒径、形状、化学组成等许多因素的影响.     

化学混凝法去除稠油废水中的硅

以新疆油田稠油废水为研究对象,采用化学混凝除硅方法对稠油废水进行处理。实验结果表明:采用锌复合混凝剂的混凝、软化及镁剂除硅相结合的方法具有较好的除硅效果。确定了最佳除硅配方:NaOH的加入量为500~600mg/L,除硅剂MgCl2.6H2O的加入量为700~800mg/L,锌复合混凝剂加入量为100~150mg/L,处理后废水中SiO2的质量浓度小于50mg/L,达到热采锅炉的用水标准。     

Sustainable method towards magnetic ordered mesoporous polymers for efficient Methylene Blue removal

The difficulty in achieving high removal efficiency for contaminants in textile wastewater over a wide range of pH impedes the progress of its treatment technique greatly. Herein, a facile and sustainable strategy was adopted for constructing magnetic ordered mesoporous polymers (M-OMPs) without the assistance of organic solvent and catalyst. The prepared M-OMPs were endowed with high special surface area and good superparamagnetism simultaneously, and exhibited high removal efficiency (>99%) for Methylene Blue (MB) within a short time (10 min) at a concentration of 50 mg/L. What's more, high removal efficiency was achieved over a wide range of pH 2-12 and the adsorption capacity for MB on M-OMPs was substantially retained even after 5 adsorption-desorption cycles, further demonstrating the application potential of M-OMPs in the decontamination of textile wastewater.     

Impact of atrazine and nitrogen fertilizers on the sorption of chlorotoluron in soil and model sorbents

Sorption of chlorotoluron in ammonium sulfate, urea and atrazine multi-solutes system was investigated by batch experiments. The results showed application of nitrogen fertilizers to the soil could affect the behavior of chlorotoluron. At the same concentration of N, sorption of chlorotoluron decreased as the concentration of atrazine increased on the day 0 and 6 in soil, respectively. The sorption of chlorotoluron increased from 0 to 6 d when soils were preincubated with deionized water, ammonium sulfate and urea solution for 6 d. That indicated incubation time was one of the most important factors for the sorption of chlorotoluron in nitrogen fertilizers treatments. The individual sorption isotherms of chlorotoluron in rubbery polymer and silica were strictly linear in single solute system, but there were competition sorption between pesticides or between pesticides and nitrogen fertilizers. That indicated the sorption taken place by concurrent solid-phase dissolution mechanism and sorption on the interface of water-organic matter or water-mineral matter.     

Anaerobic tapered fluidized bed reactor for starch wastewater treatment and modeling using multilayer perceptron neural network

Anaerobic treatability of synthetic sago wastewater was investigated in a laboratory anaerobic tapered fluidized bed reactor(ATFBR) with a mesoporous granular activated carbon(GAC)as a support material.The experimental protocol was defined to examine the effect of the maximum organic loading rate(OLR),hydraulic retention time(HRT),the efficiency of the reactor and to report on its steady- state performance.The reactor was subjected to a steady-state operation over a range of OLR up to 85.44 kg COD/(m~3.d).The COD removal efficiency was found to be 92% in the reactor while the biogas produced in the digester reached 25.38 m~3/(m~3·d) of the reactor. With the increase of OLR from 83.7 kg COD/(m~3.d),the COD removal efficiency decreased.Also an artificial neural network(ANN) model using multilayer perceptron(MLP)has been developed for a system of two input variable and five output dependent variables. For the training of the input-output data,the experimental values obtained have been used.The output parameters predicted have been found to be much closer to the corresponding experimental ones and the model was validated for 30% of the untrained data.The mean square error(MSE)was found to be only 0.0146.     

Co3O4/介孔分子筛催化剂对苯催化完全氧化的研究

分别以介孔分子筛MCM-41、MCM-48、SBA-15为载体,采用等体积浸渍法制备了氧化钴/介孔分子筛催化剂,利用N₂吸附、X射线衍射、程序升温还原等技术对催化剂进行了表征,考察了Co₃O₄的负载量及载体的孔结构对催化剂完全催化氧化苯的性能的影响。结果表明,Co₃O₄的负载量为20%时,催化剂的催化活性最好;载体的孔径和催化剂的可还原性能是影响催化活性的主要因素,催化剂活性顺序为Co₃O₄ /SBA-15> Co₃O₄ /MCM41> Co₃O₄ /MCM-48。     

植物根瘤内痕量Frankia DNA的提取及鉴定

建立了一种简捷、快速植物根瘤内痕量Frankia DNA的提取方法,即采集自然态下根瘤,剥离瘤瓣,取瘤瓣尖经液氮研主民粉末,以20g/L CTAB（十六烷基三甲基溴化铵）消化胞壁,然后以d=5-10μm的石英粉吸附DNA,再以无菌去离子蒸馏水释放DNA,所获DNA产率及纯度较酚／氯仿法好。经对辽宁沙棘、色赤杨根瘤的瘤内痕量Frankia DNA及体外培养的9种Frankia菌株DNA分纯,并用于酶切及PCR,获满意结果。图3参12