白炭黑补强氟硅橡胶热空气老化机理研究

目的研究热空气老化过程中白炭黑补强氟硅橡胶的老化机理。方法开展不同加速老化温度点下白炭黑补强氟硅橡胶热空气老化试验,对老化过程中材料的力学性能进行研究,同时采用热重分析、衰减全反射红外光谱、交联密度分析以及固体核磁等技术,对200℃热空气老化过程中材料的微观结构变化进行分析。结果低温环境中白炭黑氟硅橡胶拉伸强度和扯断伸长率变化较小,高温环境中变化趋势增大,邵尔A硬度在整个老化过程中没有明显变化。结论白炭黑补强氟硅橡胶的老化机理主要是交联键的断裂和侧链三氟丙基的分解,同时还可能伴随有部分主链的破坏。     

沉积物中生物硅快速测定的优化方法

目前,沉积物中生物硅含量的测定方法面临耗时长、步骤繁琐、工作量大,及缺乏国际统一的标准样品的问题。本文采用碱式连续提取法分析了贵州喀斯特地区水库表层沉积物的生物硅含量,并采用硅铝截距法证实了Demaster斜率截距法的准确性。结果表明,01、05、1 mol/L Na_2CO_3溶液提取分析得到的生物硅含量是一致的,其中01 mol/L的Na_2CO_3更适合喀斯特地区水库沉积物生物硅的提取和含量测定。同时,本研究还比较了多点法和单点法的优缺点,并指出在提取时间为15～30 min以内时,采用单点法分析生物硅含量比传统的5 h提取测定生物硅含量更加精确,同时也大大节省了分析时间。     

有机物多相光催化降解反应中催化剂固定化技术研究

以ＴｉＣｌ４和异丙醇为原料,通过化学反应将钛组分以键合方式引入载体多孔硅胶颗粒的表面,经高温处理提高活性,制备出的催化剂以甲基检溶液的脱色反应有很好的光催化活性,与相同量的粉末ＴｉＯ２作用相比,活性升高,经分析测定催化剂颗粒上有３１．０５％的钛成分且表面仍保持硅胶颗粒的骨架结构,具有大比表面和高分散性的优点,利用该方法即可以制备大颗粒载体型ＴｉＯ２催化剂,也可能进一步解决用于实际太阳光废水处理装置     

P123对rGO/m-TiO2薄膜微观结构及光催化性能的影响

以自制氧化石墨烯（GO）分散液和加入一定量三嵌段共聚物PEO₂₀-PPO₇₀-PEO₂₀（P123）模板剂的TiO₂前驱体溶胶为原料,用交替浸渍-提拉结合热处理和紫外灯辐照还原法在玻璃基底上制备还原氧化石墨烯/介孔TiO₂（rGO/m-TiO₂）多层膜.通过X-射线衍射（XRD）、拉曼光谱（Raman）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、比表面积（BET）对多层膜进行表征分析.研究了模板剂P123加入量对多层膜的晶体结构、比表面积、形貌、孔径分布情况、吸附性能、光催化性能的影响.分别在紫外光及太阳光下评价rGO/m-TiO₂多层膜对土霉素（OTC）的光催化降解效果;在紫外光条件下,研究了多层膜对OTC的光催化降解机理.结果表明：P123的引入不会引起TiO₂晶体结构的变化;适量P123的引入可以优化多层膜的孔结构,增大比表面积、提高其吸附性能,进而提高薄膜的光催化性能;rGO/TiO₂（5wt% P123）薄膜60min对OTC的吸附率达51.2%,紫外光照射135min,降解率达到90.9%;太阳光照射50min,降解率达到91.5%.在降解OTC过程中,羟基自由基（·OH）起主要作用,路径以与·OH相关的羟基化反应和仲羟基氧化反应为主.     

3D介孔TiO_2微米球的制备及其光催化降解双酚A的研究

利用水热方法,无需模板一步合成3D介孔TiO2光催化剂.然后采用X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、高分辨电子显微镜（HRTEM）和N2吸附-解吸BET技术对其组织结构进行表征,以双酚A为目标物对比介孔TiO2光催化剂和市售P25的光催化性能,并研究了不同温度下TiO2的相变及热重分析（TGA）.结果表明,...     

Mesoporous silicas synthesis and application for lignin peroxidase immobilization by covalent binding method

Immobilization of enzymes on mesoporous silicas (MS) allows for good reusability. MS with two-dimensional hexagonal pores in diameter up to 14.13 nm were synthesized using Pluronic P123 as template and 1,3,5-triisopropylbenzene as a swelling agent in acetate buffer. The surface of MS was modified by the silanization reagents 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane. Lignin peroxidase (LiP) was successfully immobilized on the modified MS through covalent binding method by four agents: glutaraldehyde, 1,4- phenylene diisothiocyanate, cyanotic chloride and water-soluble carbodiimide. Results showed that cyanotic chloride provided the best performance for LiP immobilization. The loaded protein concentration was 12.15 mg/g and the immobilized LiP activity was 812.9 U/L. Immobilized LiP had better pH stability. Acid Orange II was used to examine the reusability of immobilized LiP, showing more than 50% of the dye was decolorized at the fifth cycle.     

Insight into the adsorption of tetracycline onto amino and amino–Fe functionalized mesoporous silica: Effect of functionalized groups

In order to study the influences of functionalized groups onto the adsorption of tetracycline (TC), we prepared a series of amino and amino–Fe^3 + complex mesoporous silica adsorbents with diverse content of amino and Fe^3 + groups (named N,N-SBA15 and Fe-N,N-SBA15). The resulting mesoporous silica adsorbents were fully characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and N₂ adsorption/desorption isotherms. Furthermore, the effects of functionalized groups on the removal of TC were investigated. The results showed that the periodic ordered structure of SBA-15 was maintained after modification of amino/Fe^3 + groups. The functionalized amino groups decreased the adsorption capacity while the coordinated Fe^3 + increased the adsorption capacity. The adsorption kinetics of TC fitted pseudo-second-order model well and the equilibrium was achieved quickly. The adsorption isotherms fitted the Langmuir model well and with the Fe^3 + content increased from 3.93% to 8.26%, the Q_max of the adsorbents increased from 102 to 188 mmol/kg. The solution pH affected the adsorption of TC onto amino complex adsorbents slightly while influenced the adsorption onto Fe-amine complex adsorbents greatly. The adsorption of TC on SBA15 and N,N-SBA15 may be related to the formation of outer-sphere surface complexes, while the adsorption of TC onto Fe-N,N-SBA15 was mainly attributed to the inner-sphere surface complexes. This study could offer potential materials that have excellent adsorption behavior for environmental remediation and suggested useful information for the preparing other adsorbents in environmental applications.     

大亚湾海域营养盐的季节变化及微表层对营养盐的富集作用

于2007年5月～2008年4月对大亚湾海域微表层、次表层和底层氮(N)、磷(P)、硅(Si)营养盐进行了每月一次的周年调查和比较分析.结果表明,大亚湾海域营养盐含量较前期调查略有上升,可溶性无机氮(DIN)、可溶性无机磷(DIP)、可溶性硅酸盐(DSi)的平均值分别为8.93、0.41和9.41μmol·L-1,养殖...     

Distribution and accumulation of biogenic silica in the intertidal sediments of the Yangtze Estuary

Sedimentary biogenic silica is known to be all important parameter to understand biogeochemical processes and paleoenviromental records in estuarine and coastal ecosystems. Consequently, it is of great significance to investigate accumulation and distribution of biogenic silica in sediments. The two-step mild acid-mild alkaline extraction procedure was used to leach biogenic silica and its early diagenetic products in intertidal sediments of the Yangtze Estuary. The results showed that total biogenic silica(t-BSi)in the intertidal sediments varied from 237. 7-419. 4 μmol Si/g. while the mild acid leachable silica(Si-HCl)and the mild alkaline leachable silica(Si-Alk)were in the range of 25. 1-72. 9μmol Si/g and 208. 1-350. 4 μmol Si/g. respectively. Significant correlations were observed for the grain size distributions of sediments and different biogenic silica pools in intertidal sediments. This confirms that grain size distribution Can significantly affect biogenic silica contents in sediments. Close relationships of biogenic silica with organic carbon and nitrogen Were also found, reflecting that there is a strong coupling between biogenic silica and organic matter biogeochemical cycles in the intertidal system of the Yangtze Estuary. Additionally, the early diagenetic changes of biogenic silica in sediments are discussed in the present study.