磷酸微波活化多孔生物质炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附特性简

以甘蔗渣为原料,采用微波辅助H₃PO₄活化法制备富含含氧酸官能团的中孔生物质炭。通过扫描电子显微镜SEM、傅立叶变换红外光谱FT-IR等技术对生物质炭物理化学性质进行表征,并通过静态实验法,探讨炭样对亚甲基蓝的吸附行为及热力学性质。结果表明,H₃PO₄活化制备蔗渣生物质炭的适宜条件为浸渍比1：1,烘干时间10 h,活化功率900 W,活化时间22 min,在此条件下制得的生物质炭得率为39.2%,碘值为817 mg/g,亚甲基蓝值为229 mg/g,为国家一级品标准的1.7倍。红外光谱分析表明,炭样表面以羟基、羰基、羧基等酸性官能团为主。静态吸附实验表明,Freundlich方程与Redlich-Peterson方程能较好地描述等温吸附行为,表现为优惠吸附。热力学研究表明,吸附吉布斯自由能（ΔG⁰）<0,说明吸附反应是自发过程,而吸附标准焓变（ΔH⁰）>70 KJ/mol,表明亚甲基蓝在制备炭样上的吸附是吸热反应,升温有利于吸附,且化学反应在吸附过程中发挥了重要作用。     

乙醇溶析结晶法从白炭黑废母液中回收硫酸钠

以乙醇为溶析剂,通过过滤—中和—蒸馏浓缩—溶析结晶等工序,从白炭黑废母液中回收硫酸钠。考察了硫酸钠回收效果的影响因素,并进行了热能消耗和处理成本的分析。实验结果表明：乙醇的加入量对硫酸钠溶解度和蒸馏浓缩过程有着显著影响;在蒸馏醇水比（乙醇与中性废母液的体积比）为0.27,浓缩废母液中硫酸钠质量浓度为69.27 g/L,溶析醇水比（乙醇与浓缩废母液的体积比）为1的最佳工艺条件下,白炭黑废母液中硫酸钠的一次回收率可达69.94%,硫酸钠产品的纯度达到97.3%。     

Silica nanoparticles and silver-doped silica nanoparticles induce endoplasmatic reticulum stress response and alter cytochrome P4501A activity

Engineered silica nanoparticles (SiO₂-NPs) find widespread application and may lead to exposure of humans and the environment. Here we compare the effects of SiO₂-NPs and SiO₂-NPs doped with silver (SiO₂-Ag-NPs) on survival and cellular function of human liver cells (Huh7) and Pimephales promelas (fathead minnow) fibroblast cells (FMH). In Huh7 cells we investigate effects on the endoplasmatic reticulum (ER), including ER stress, and interactions of nanoparticles (NPs) with metabolizing enzymes and efflux transporters. The NPs formed agglomerates/aggregates in cell culture media as revealed by SEM and TEM. SiO₂ and SiO₂-1% Ag-NPs were taken up into cells as demonstrated by agglomerates occurring in vesicular-like structures or freely dispersed in the cytosol. Cytotoxicity was more pronounced in Huh7 than in FMH cells, and increased with silver content in silver-doped NPs. Dissolved silver was the most significant factor for cytotoxicity. At toxic and non-cytotoxic concentrations SiO₂-NPs and SiO₂-1% Ag-NPs induced perturbations in the function of ER. In Huh7 cells NPs induced the unfolded protein response (UPR), or ER stress response, as demonstrated in induced expression of BiP and splicing of XBP1 mRNA, two selective markers of ER stress. Additionally, SiO₂-1% Ag-NPs and AgNO₃ induced reactive oxygen species. Pre-treatment of Huh7 cells with SiO₂-1% Ag-NPs followed by exposure to the inducer benzo(a)pyrene caused a significant reduced induction of CYP1A activity. NPs did not alter the activity of ABC transporters. These data demonstrate for the first time that SiO₂-NPs and SiO₂-1% Ag-NPs result in perturbations of the ER leading to the ER stress response. This represents a novel and significant cellular signalling pathway contributing to the cytotoxicity of NPs.     

介孔TiO2的制备及光催化降解有机染料的研究

以十六烷基三甲基溴化胺为模板剂,用溶胶-凝胶法制备了介孔TiO2,用x射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、热重/差热分析及氮气吸附等方法对其进行了分析表征,并用偶氮染料阳离子红X-GRL为目标污染物分析了它的光催化活性.实验结果表明,450℃热处理后的介孔TiO2是锐钛矿型的,平均孔径为18 nm.氮气吸附曲线呈典型的介孔材料Ⅳ型吸附等温线特征.由于介孔TiO2具有较大的比表面积,因此表现出比非介孔TiO2高的光催化活性.     

Effects of Watershed Impervious Cover on Dissolved Silica Loading in Storm Flow1

Abstract: Dissolved silica (DSi) availability is a factor that affects the composition of algal populations in aquatic ecosystems. DSi cycling is tightly linked to the hydrological cycle, which is affected by human alterations of the landscape. Development activities that increase impervious cover change watershed hydrology and may increase the discharge of DSi‐poor rainwater and decrease the discharge of DSi‐rich ground water into aquatic ecosystems, possibly shifting algal community composition toward less desirable assemblages. In this study, DSi loadings from two adjacent coastal watersheds with different percent impervious cover were compared during four rain and five nonrain events. Loadings in the more impervious watershed contained a significantly larger proportion of surface runoff than base flow (ground‐water discharge) and had lower [DSi] water during rain events than the less impervious watershed. Application of the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (CN) method showed that the minimum rainfall height necessary to yield runoff was significantly lower for the more impervious watershed, implying that runoff volumes increase with impervious cover as well as the frequency of runoff‐yielding events. Empirical data collected during this study and estimates derived from the CN method suggest that impervious cover may be responsible for both short‐term DSi limitation during rain events as well as long‐term reduction of DSi inputs into aquatic ecosystems.     

中孔分子筛Al-MCM-41催化裂解聚烯烃反应研究

采用水热合成法制备了不同硅铝比的中孔分子筛A l-MCM-41,将其应用于高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)和聚丙烯(PP)的催化裂解反应。通过改变硅铝比、反应温度和催化剂用量,对A l-MCM-41催化HDPE和PP裂解反应的规律进行了探讨,研究表明,HDPE裂解反应受硅铝比的影响较大;而对于PP裂解反应,硅铝比在一定范围内对催化剂活性的影响不明显。另外,与热裂解和HZSM-5小孔分子筛的催化裂解结果进行了比较,结果证明A l-MCM-41具有较高的催化活性和较高的液体产物收率,尤其适合于空间位阻较大的PP的催化裂解反应。     

Chemically modified silica gel with 1-{4-[(2-hydroxy-benzylidene)amino]phenyl}ethanone: Synthesis, characterization and application as an efficient and reusable solid phase extractant for selective removal of Zn(II) from mycorrhizal treated fly-ash samples

1-{4-[(2-hydroxy-benzylidene)amino]phenyl}ethanone functionalized silica gel was synthesized and used as a highly efficient, selective and reusable solid phase extractant for separation and preconcentration of trace amount of Zn(II) from environmental matrices. The adsorbent was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), elemental analysis,¹³C CPMAS NMR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and BET surface area analysis. The dependence of zinc extraction on various analytical parameters such as pH, type and amount of eluent, sample flow rate and interfering ions were investigated in detail. The material exhibited superior adsorption efficiency for Zn(II) with high metal loading capacity of 1.0 mmol/g under optimum conditions. After adsorption, the recovery (> 98%) of metal ions was accomplished using 1.0 mol/L HNO₃ as an eluent. The sorbent was also regenerated by microwave treatment in milder acidic environment (0.1 mol/L HNO₃). The lower detection limit and preconcentration factor of the present method were found out to be 0.04 μg/L and 312.5 respectively. The modified silica surface possessed excellent selectivity for the target analytes and the adsorption/desorption process remained effective for at least ten consecutive cycles. The optimized procedure was successfully implemented for the extraction of Zn(II) from mycorrhizal treated fly ash and pharmaceutical samples with reproducible results.     

Carbon dioxide capture using polyethylenimine-loaded mesoporous carbons

A high efficiency sorbent for CO2 capture was developed by loading polyethylenimine (PEI) on mesoporous carbons which possessed well-developed mesoporous structures and large pore volume. The physicochemical properties of the sorbent were characterized by N2 adsorption/desorption, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravimetric analysis (TG) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques followed by testing for CO2 capture. Factors that affected the sorption capacity of the sorbent were studied. The sorbent exhibited extraordinary capture capacity with CO2 concentration ranging from 5% to 80%. The optimal PEI loading was determined to be 65 wt.% with a CO2 sorption capacity of 4.82 mmol-CO2 /g-sorbent in 15% CO2 /N2 at 75°C, owing to low mass-transfer resistance and a high utilization ratio of the amine compound (63%). Moisture had a promoting effect on the sorption separation of CO2 . In addition, the developed sorbent could be regenerated easily at 100°C, and it exhibited excellent regenerability and stability. These results indicate that this PEI-loaded mesoporous carbon sorbent should have a good potential for CO2 capture in the future.     

VUV/HPW/BMMs体系对全氟辛酸（PFOA）的脱氟研究

采用真空紫外灯(VUV)和双模型介孔材料(BMMs)负载磷钨酸(HPW)催化剂构建光催化体系,探究该体系对水中全氟辛酸(PFOA)的脱氟效果.研究了PFOA初始浓度、HPW/BMMs投加量、初始p H值对体系脱氟的影响,并采用响应曲面法(Response Surface Method,RSM)分析了最佳边界反应条件.结果表明,体系对PFOA具有明显的脱氟效果:脱氟效率随PFOA初始浓度的增大而减小;催化剂投加量为0.2 g·L~(-1),脱氟效率最高达50.2%;体系p H为3~4时,体系脱氟效果显著.基于Box-Behnken响应曲面法,各影响因子对脱氟效率的显著性排序为:p HPFOA初始浓度HPW/BMMs投加量.p H值与HPW/BMMs投加量及初始PFOA浓度交互作用显著,模型回归性良好,最佳运行条件为:p H=3.82,HPW/BMMs投加量为0.3 g·L~(-1),PFOA初始浓度为20 mg·L~(-1),反应4 h的脱氟率达到52.6%,与预测值相比偏差为1.2%.本研究为高效降解全氟化合物提供了新思路.