包埋反硝化填料强化二级出水深度脱氮性能研究及中试应用

利用包埋广谱性高效反硝化填料处理城市污水厂二级出水,可有效降低出水总氮(TN)浓度,本研究共分为两部分,D1阶段研究了包埋反硝化填料对污水厂二级出水的适应性、TN去除效果、稳定运行及填料反冲洗的工况条件; D2阶段研究了填料在中试条件下稳定运行1 a脱氮性能的变化,并通过高通量测序和荧光定量分析(q PCR)手段,研究对比了包埋填料运行前后微生物种群的变化规律.通过研究发现,包埋反硝化填料在水温为(24±1)℃、pH为7. 1、HRT为1 h和填充率为10%,投加乙酸钠保证碳源充足的条件下稳定运行7 d,即可适应二级出水水质,实现出水总氮<5 mg·L^-1.通过对比研究不同水力停留时间(HRT)对填料TN去除效果的影响,得出适宜的HRT为30 min,填充率为10%的运行条件,在7. 2 m³·d^-1的进水条件下经过1 a的稳定运行,TN去除率最高可达到90. 42%,出水总氮可稳定在5 mg·L^-1以下.通过对比反冲洗效果,确定了反冲洗强度为5. 2 L·(m²·s)<...     

大连市水泥产业结构调整与节能减排工作探索

综述了大连市政府根据水泥工业自身的发展形势和需要,作出了关闭全市所有非新型干法生产工艺的中小型水泥厂29家的重大抉择,完成了540万t落后水泥产能淘汰任务,取得了削减烟、粉尘排放量1123万t的效果：介绍了大连市水泥工业在节能减排方面的一些具体做法;展望了利用水泥工业“新陈代谢”的特点,节约能源资源、大力发展循环经济的发展趋势,并对节能减排工作进行了探索。     

Specific Structural Features of Zooplankton in Lakes Differing in Trophic Status: Zoosynusiae

Russian Journal of Ecology -     

印染废水混凝脱色技术的分子结构基础

印染废水的混凝脱色效果取决于染料分子的分子结构及其在水中的分子分散状态和染料的染色机制。大量研究结果表明,所选用的染料分子的分子结构决定了印染废水混凝脱色技术的混凝机制和混凝效果,合成絮凝剂与选择絮凝剂应充分考虑染料分子的分子结构与空间构型。     

脱硝催化剂孔结构及其脱硝特性的研究

选择性催化还原脱硝技术(SCR)所采用的催化剂多数为多孔介质,其内部孔隙有助于提高催化剂的反应活性。文中采用浸渍负载法,通过改变制备温度制备出不同孔结构的催化剂样品,采用N2吸附法对其孔结构进行测定和分析,并对不同孔结构的催化剂样品进行了脱硝实验。研究表明:煅烧及干燥温度对催化剂孔结构有很大的影响,比表面积越大,其催化剂内的孔分布宽度越窄,平均孔径越小;在活性温度范围(360～390℃)内,脱硝过程中主要是属于化学反应过程控制,脱硝效果随着比表面积的增大而增强;在非活性温度范围内,脱硝过程同时受到气体扩散过程及化学反应过程控制。     

Song dialects do not restrict gene flow in an urban population of the orange-tufted sunbird, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nectarinia osea</Emphasis>

Geographic variation in vocalizations is widespread in passerine birds, but its origins and maintenance remain unclear. In this study, we test the hypothesis that song dialect, a culturally transmitted trait, is related to the population genetic structure of the orange-tufted sunbird, Nectarinia osea. To address this, we compared mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence variation together with allele frequencies at five microsatellite loci from an urban population of sunbirds exhibiting two distinct song dialects on a microgeographic scale. Our findings reveal no association between dialect membership and genetic composition. All genetic measures, from both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, indicate high levels of gene flow between both dialect populations. The low F _ST values obtained from mtDNA and microsatellite analysis imply that the variation among dialects does not account for more than 2%, at best, of the overall genetic variation found in the entire population. These measures fall well within the range of similar measures obtained in other studies of species exhibiting vocal dialects, most of which fail to detect any dialect-based genetic differentiation. The persistence of dialects in the orange-tufted sunbird may thus best be explained by dispersal of individuals across dialect boundaries and possibly from surrounding areas, followed by postdispersal vocal matching. Because genetic structuring appears weaker than cultural structure in this species, we discuss the behavioral mechanisms underlying dialect maintenance in the presence of apparent gene flow.     

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Environmental Impact Assessment of Industrial Structure Change in a Rural Region of China

As the embodiment of human activities, the change of regional industrial structure is an essential driving factor of global environmental change. Consequently, the research on the change of regional industrial structure and associated effects on the environment is one of the key issues of researches on sustainable development, human–environment relationship, and regional response to global environment change. However, compared to the flourish of researches on environmental impact assessment of industrial departments, few studies have been conducted to assess the environmental impact of regional industrial structure. In this study, based on a synthetic analysis of environmental disturbances of different industrial departments, the environmental impact coefficient of industrial department associated with the index of environmental impact of industrial structure was constructed, so as to make a quantitative assessment of environmental impact of the change of regional industrial structure. And the results of the case study in Lijiang City, a rural region of China, have showed that there are two obvious changes of industrial structure in the study area from 1992 to 2003, associated with a continuous decreasing of the index of environmental impact of industrial structure, which indicated a positive environmental effects of the change of regional industrial structure.     

磷酸微波活化多孔生物质炭对亚甲基蓝的吸附特性

以甘蔗渣为原料,采用微波辅助H3PO4活化法制备富含含氧酸官能团的中孔生物质炭。通过扫描电子显微镜SEM、傅立叶变换红外光谱FT-IR等技术对生物质炭物理化学性质进行表征,并通过静态实验法,探讨炭样对亚甲基蓝的吸附行为及热力学性质。结果表明,H3PO4活化制备蔗渣生物质炭的适宜条件为浸渍比1：1,烘干时间10h,活化功率900W,活化时间22min,在此条件下制得的生物质炭得率为39．2％,碘值为817mg／g,亚甲基蓝值为229mg／g,为国家一级品标准的1．7倍。红外光谱分析表明,炭样表面以羟基、羰基、羧基等酸性官能团为主。静态吸附实验表明,Freundlich方程与Redlich—Peterson方程能较好地描述等温吸附行为,表现为优惠吸附。热力学研究表明,吸附吉布斯自由能（△G0）〈0,说明吸附反应是自发过程,而吸附标准焓变（△H0）〉70KJ／mol,表明亚甲基蓝在制备炭样上的吸附是吸热反应,升温有利于吸附,且化学反应在吸附过程中发挥了重要作用。     

密云水库上游河流底栖动物群落结构与水质评价

于2013年5月至10月对密云水库上游河流中大型底栖无脊椎动物(以下简称底栖动物)进行了采样调查。结果表明,采集到的底栖动物隶属于4门10纲16目45科,其中以节肢动物种类最多,占总数的80%,且水生昆虫占总数的67%,出现频率最高的是节肢动物门蜉蝣目蜉蝣科的昆虫,出现频率达87%;从分布来看,白河流域采集到的底栖动物种类最多、密度最高,而潮河流域采集到的底栖动物生物量最大;以底栖动物为指示生物的水质评价结果显示,密云水库上游河流中50%采样点的水质为Ⅰ级(清洁),其余50%为Ⅱ级(轻微污染),水质整体较好,与现场生境调查和水质监测的结果相吻合。