Health benefits valuation of regulatory intervention for air pollution control in thermal power plants in Delhi,India

This study estimates minimum marginal health benefits (morbidity reduction only) of air pollution control and total health benefits arising from regulatory intervention regarding the adoption of the World Bank emission guidelines (WBEG) for thermal power plants (TPPs) in Delhi. The Industrial Source Complex-Short-Term Version–3 (ISCST3) model has been used to estimate the contribution to air pollution from TPPs. The household health production function (avertive behaviour) has been used to value health benefits of air pollution control. The study revealed that the ambient air pollution due to TPPs is reduced by between 62.17% to 83.45% by adopting the WBEG. Annual marginal benefit due to reduction in exposure to air pollution by 1 μg m^?3 is estimated to be US$0.353 per person. Total annual health benefits for adopting the WBEG for TPPs are estimated at US$235.19 million. This study provides a novel methodology to evaluate health benefits of regulatory intervention.     

Short-term seasonal variability in Be wet deposition in a semiarid ecosystem of central Argentina

The ⁷Be wet deposition has been intensively investigated in a semiarid region at San Luis Province, Argentina. From November 2006 to May 2008, the ⁷Be content in rainwater was determined in 58 individual rain events, randomly comprising more than 50% of all individual precipitations at the sampling period. ⁷Be activity concentration in rainwater ranged from 0.7 ± 0.3 Bq l⁻¹ to 3.2 ± 0.7 Bq l⁻¹, with a mean value of 1.7 Bq l⁻¹ (sd = 0.53 Bq l⁻¹). No relationship was found between ⁷Be content in rainwater and (a) rainfall amount, (b) precipitation intensity and (c) elapsed time between events. ⁷Be ground deposition was found to be well correlated with rainfall amount (R = 0.92). For the precipitation events considered, the ⁷Be depositional fluxes ranged from 1.1 to 120 Bq m⁻², with a mean value of 32.7 Bq m⁻² (sd = 29.9 Bq m⁻²). The annual depositional flux was estimated at 1140 ± 120 Bq m⁻² y⁻¹. Assuming the same monthly deposition pattern and that the ⁷Be content in soil decreases only through radioactive decay, the seasonal variation of ⁷Be areal activity density in soil was estimated. Results of this investigation may contribute to a valuable characterization of ⁷Be input in the explored semiarid ecosystem and its potential use as tracer of environmental processes.     

实例分析卫生防护距离和大气环境防护距离设置条件

卫生防护距离、大气环境防护距离,其定义相近、设定途径相似,但两者又有不同。故在环境影响评价大气环境预测分析时对大气环境防护距离、卫生防护距离的概念极易混淆。本文以某县殡仪馆建设项目为例,详细分析建设项目设置防护距离的设置条件,帮助环评工作者理解防护距离设置原则,防止出现"在环境保护法规和导则要求下盲目划定、划大防护距离"的技术错误。     

渠县近5年大气污染特征及预测分析

本文应用污染损害综合指数法,分析了四川省渠县近5年来的大气变化及其危害程度,并运用GM(1,1)模型对渠县未来8年的大气状况作预测。结果表明,渠县大气环境主要污染物为可吸入微粒,其浓度变化呈逐年下降趋势,从2008年开始TSP有明显下降,SO2与NO2含量较低并且比较稳定。通过GM(1,1)模型对渠县空气质量进行预测得知,SO2、NO2逐渐下降,TSP的浓度将大幅度下降,在未来的8年里渠县的空气环境质量得到大幅度的提高。     

Development and application of LC–APCI–MS method for biomonitoring of animal and human exposure to imidacloprid

Imidacloprid (IMI) is a relatively new neuro-active neonicotinoid insecticide and nowadays one of the largest selling insecticides worldwide. In the present study a LC–APCI–MS based method was developed and validated for the quantification of imidacloprid and its main metabolite 6-chloronicotinic acid (6-CINA) in urine and hair specimens. The method was tested in biomonitoring of intentionally exposed animals and subsequently applied for biomonitoring of Cretan urban and rural population.     

2A12铝合金在模拟溶液中的周浸腐蚀行为

采用干湿周浸实验、失重法和电化学阻抗谱研究了2A12铝合金在0.6mol/L NaCl和0.6mol/L NaCl 0.02mol/L NaHSO3两种溶液中的腐蚀行为与规律, 利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱(EDX)和红外光谱(FTIR) 观察分析腐蚀产物表面形貌、结构和组成,测试了材料的力学性能.研究表明,随腐蚀时间的延长,腐蚀产物不断增多,失重增加,力学性能下降,阻抗模值逐渐减小;腐蚀产物形貌以团状和块状为主,在0.6mol/L NaCl溶液中腐蚀产物主要为铝的氯化物和氧化铝,在0.6mol/L NaCl 0.02mol/L NaHSO3溶液中腐蚀产物主要为氧化铝、铝的硫酸盐水合物和铝的氯化物;由于NaCl和NaHSO3共同作用,2A12合金在0.6mol/L NaCl 0.02mol/L NaHSO3溶液中腐蚀电流密度高,阻抗模值相对较小,腐蚀速率较高,腐蚀后失重大,力学性能下降幅度较大,腐蚀更严重.     

SO2在碳钢初期大气腐蚀中的作用

通过自建的模拟大气腐蚀系统,借助金相显微镜、扫描电镜(SEM/EDX)、X-射线衍射(XRD)和x-射线光电子能谱(XPS),研究了SO2对碳钢初期大气腐蚀行为的影响,并进一步用原子力显微镜从更微观的角度观察了在SO2环境中初期阶段腐蚀形貌变化.研究结果表明:在SO2污染大气环境中,随SO2浓度的升高碳钢腐蚀加快.在体积分数为5×10(-6)SO2的大气环境中,碳钢和耐候钢表面腐蚀主要以条状物生长,随着SO2浓度的升高,腐蚀产物的形貌发生改变,在体积分数为5×10(-5)SO2的大气环境中,条状锈和胞状锈同时生长.在锈层中S元素以FeSO4·4H2O的形式存在,腐蚀产物中还有γ-FeOOH.SO2在初期阶段加速了碳钢的腐蚀,降低了碳钢的耐蚀性.     

生物质热电厂大气影响评价的研究

为确定生物质能发电环境方面的可行性,分析了生物质能发电的工艺流程,相比于火电的优缺点,并进行了生物质能热电联厂的大气环境影响评价研究。结果表明：预测评价的烟尘、SO2和NO2排放浓度分别为11,63mg／m^3、200．3mg／m^3和378．7mg／m^3,均远低于火力发电的排放值;在不同条件下、不同地点SO2和NO2的1小时、日均浓度也均远低于火力发电的浓度值。说明了生物质能发电在环境友好性方面具有明显的优势。     

成雅高速公路两侧大气颗粒物中重金属分布规律研究

本文以成雅高速公路为研究对象,采集公路两侧大气颗粒物样品,通过微波消解——火焰原子吸收法测定大气颗粒物中铅、镉、铜、锌的含量。研究表明,成雅公路两侧距路肩200m范围内大气颗粒物已受不同程度的铅、镉、铜、锌污染,其中重金属含量Pb〉Zn〉Cu〉Cd,并获得成雅高速公路两侧大气颗粒物中重金属污染的分布规律。