跨世纪江苏沿江地区产业结构研究

江苏沿江地区包括南京、无锡、苏州、常州、镇江、南通、扬州、泰州八市,社会经济发达,人口和城镇密集,是长江三角洲地区的重要组成部分、江苏省经济发展最重要的地区之一。通过对该地区产业结构现状、区位优势条件物社会经济基础的分析,拽出在经济全球化和我国开放格局下本地区产业结构重组与升级所面临的机遇,及地区矿产资源缺乏、自然条件相似、产业结构趋同等不足。提出该地区跨世纪区域产业结构的发展战略是在维持第一产业     

环境补偿费的征收与转嫁

运用经济学基本原理分析了征收环境补偿费的理论依据,论述了在征收过程中可能对物价带来的影响以及环境补偿的转嫁问题。征收环境补偿是解决环境问题,实现可持续发展的重要手段。     

A simulation model for projecting changes in salinity concentrations and species dominance in the coastal margin habitats of the Everglades

Sharp boundaries typically separate the salinity tolerant mangroves from the salinity intolerant hardwood hammock species, which occupy the similar geographical areas of southern Florida. Evidence of strong feedback between tree community-type and the salinity of the unsaturated (vadose) zone of the soil suggests that a severe disturbance that significantly tilts the salinity in the vadose zone might cause a shift from one vegetation type to the other. In this study, a model based upon the feedback dynamics between vegetation and salinity of the vadose zone of the soil was used to take account of storm surge events to investigate the mechanisms that by which this large-scale disturbance could affect the spatial pattern of hardwood hammocks and mangroves. Model simulation results indicated that a heavy storm surge that completely saturated the vadose zone at 30 ppt for 1 day could lead to a regime shift in which there is domination by mangroves of areas previously dominated by hardwood hammocks. Lighter storm surges that saturated the vadose zone at less than 7 ppt did not cause vegetation shifts. Investigations of model sensitivity analysis indicated that the thickness of the vadose zone, coupled with precipitation, influenced the residence time of high salinity in the vadose zone and therefore determined the rate of mangrove domination. The model was developed for a southern Florida coastal ecosystem, but its applicability may be much broader.     

长年耕作对北方旱作麦田土壤细菌群落结构及理化性质的影响

为探究旱作麦田长期耕作对不同土层细菌群落结构的影响及其与土壤理化性质的关系,于2016~2021年在山西农业大学闻喜旱地小麦试验示范基地开展长期定位试验,研究夏闲期免耕（NT）、深松（ST）和深翻（DP）这3种耕作方式对不同土层土壤理化性质,细菌群落α、β多样性,细菌门和属优势物种及差异物种的影响,并采用PICRUSt2预测其代谢功能.结果表明,旱作麦田连续5a深松和深翻较免耕显著提高了20~40 cm土层土壤含水量,显著降低了0~20 cm土层土壤有机碳含量;深松较深翻显著提高了0~20 cm土层土壤含水量、土壤有机碳、可溶性有机碳和可溶性有机氮含量.深松和深翻较免耕可提高0~40 cm土层土壤细菌群落的α多样性,且深松高于深翻.深松和深翻较免耕显著提高了0~20 cm土层中酸杆菌门、硝化螺旋菌门和20~40 cm土层中酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门、芽单胞菌门、Rokubacteria门、GAL15门和硝化螺旋菌门的相对丰度;显著提高了0~20 cm土层硝化螺旋菌属和20~40 cm土层Rubrobacter属和链霉菌属的相对丰度.深松较深翻显著提高了0~40 cm土层酸杆菌门、芽单胞菌门的相对丰度.冗余分析表明,0~20 cm土层的土壤有机碳、可溶性有机碳和可溶性有机氮含量对放线菌门和牙殖球菌属产生正向效应,且深松下0~40 cm土层的土壤含水量对酸杆菌门、绿弯菌门和芽单胞菌门产生正向效应.PICRUSt2预测结果表明,深松和深翻较免耕显著提高了20~40 cm土层细菌群落的氨基酸代谢和辅酶维生素代谢的相对丰度,但降低了脂质代谢的相对丰度;深松较深翻显著提高了0~40 cm土层细菌群落的氨基酸代谢和0~20 cm土层其他氨基酸代谢的相对丰度.总之,旱地麦田夏闲期深松或深翻均可提高土壤含水量、土壤细菌群落的α多样性及细菌群落的代谢能力,深松还可提高酸杆菌门和芽单胞菌门的相对丰度,并提高细菌群落的氨基酸代谢能力,从而提高了土壤可溶性有机碳、氮含量.     

渭河流域水体细菌群落的环境响应及生态功能预测

流域水体中细菌群落多样性及其代谢功能研究对流域水污染整治及生态修复和水体健康评价具有重要价值.基于Illumina MiSeq高通量测序技术研究渭河流域陕西境内综合治理后水体中细菌群落分布特性,利用冗余分析(redundancy analysis,RDA)方法分析了水体细菌群落与水环境因子的相关关系,并采用PICRUSt (phylogenetic investigation of communities by reconstruction of unobserved states)方法预测和评价了渭河流域细菌群落生态功能.研究结果显示,变形菌门、放线细菌门、蓝藻门和拟杆菌门细菌是水体细菌群落中的主要菌门,占整个细菌群落的相对丰度高达85%,这类细菌与水体中的TP、NO_2~--N、NO_3~--N和TN呈显著的正相关关系(P=0. 02 0. 05);灞河入渭口下游(S5)细菌群落丰度最高,皂河(S4)细菌群落丰度最低;渭河流域水体致使人类患传染性疾病的可能性较大,且对生物体内分泌系统有较大的影响.本研究成果可为渭河流域水环境健康有序发展提供理论基础.     

寡养单胞菌对S2-氧化特性及主要代谢途径

以无机硫（S²）^-为目标污染物,从北京东沙河黑臭水体筛选出一株能够高效氧化S^2-的土著硫氧化菌,并对其进行16S rRNA测序及生理生化特性鉴定,结果表明,该菌株属于寡养单胞菌属（Stenotrophomonas）,命名为Stenotrophomonas sp.sp3.菌株sp3在温度25℃,初始pH值7.0,初始葡萄糖浓度0.25%,初始菌浓度1.00g/L时,菌株sp3对S^2-的氧化率最高.在此适宜条件下,反应60h后,菌株sp3对S^2-的最高氧化率达到86.6%.S^2-的浓度在整个氧化过程中持续下降后保持稳定,在此过程中产生了S⁰,S₂O₃^2-,SO₃^2-以及SO₄^2-这4种其它存在形态的硫.随着S^2-被氧化,SO₄^2-的浓度呈缓慢上升的趋势.利用高通量测序技术推测菌株sp3主要是通过副球菌硫氧化途径（PSO）将非稳定态的S^2-逐步转化为稳定态的SO₄^2-.在此代谢途径中,一部分S^2-被氧化为S⁰,另一部分S^2-则直接氧化为SO₃^2-;S⁰与SO₃^2-可自发反应生成S₂O₃^2-,而S₂O₃^2-发生歧化反应再释放出SO₃^2-和S⁰;反应生成的部分SO₃^2-继续直接氧化为SO₄^2-.菌株sp3在黑臭水体的水质净化过程中有一定的应用前景.     

分层型水源水库沉积物需氧量特性

为探明分层型水源水库沉积物需氧量(SOD)特性及其影响因素,选取西安金盆水库主库区上覆水体流速较低的库心区及流速较高的入库口两处沉积物进行对比实验,估算水体不同扰动条件下沉积物需氧量,利用Biolog-Eco平板和三维荧光光谱(EMMs)技术从底栖微生物群落代谢活性和沉积物有机质两方面对取样点沉积物需氧量的差异性进行分析.结果表明,静止条件下,入库与库心沉积物在较高溶解氧时(约5 mg·L-1)的沉积物面积需氧量SOD5area分别为0.13 g·(m2·d)-1和0.36g·(m2·d)-1,库心约为入库的2.69倍.动态条件下,沉积物-水界面上覆水扰动增加使沉积物需氧量增加,沉积物耗氧动力学由一阶动力学方程逐渐向零阶动力学方程转变.入库与库心沉积物有机质含量分别为44.43 mg·g-1和45.12 mg·g-1,库心沉积物的可溶解性有机质(DOM)的总荧光强度约为入库的1.5倍.有机质含量更高的库心沉积物细菌群落代谢活性(以AWCD表征)更强,表明高含量有机质和较强细菌代谢活性是引起库心沉积物需氧量大的主要因素.将深层水库水体耗氧过程的研究结果与现有充氧曝气技术进行结合,可为提高曝气器充氧效率提供科学依据.     

基于偏离-份额和灰色关联分析法的广西入境旅游产业结构分析

运用偏离-份额法分析了广西入境旅游产业结构的竞争优劣势,并采用灰色系统关联度分析法对广西入境旅游业各部门收入与入境旅游外汇总收入之间的关联度进行了分析.结果表明,在2000-2007年相对于全国入境旅游产业而言,广西的游览、娱乐部门有一定的竞争优势,但与旅游外汇收入的关联度低,所占比重小;长途交通、商品销售部门与旅游外汇收入的关联度分别排第一、第二位;但缺乏竞争优势,结构效益较差;邮电通讯、餐饮、住宿、市内交通部门的关联度较大,处于竞争劣势或弱势地位;其他服务部门关联度最小,缺乏竞争力.指出了广西入境旅游产业结构存在的主要问题,提出了产业优化建议.     

Are Swiss birds tracking climate change?: Detecting elevational shifts using response curve shapes

Climate change is affecting biodiversity worldwide inducing species to either “move, adapt or die”. In this paper we propose a conceptual framework for analysing range shifts, namely a catalogue of the possible patterns of change in the distribution of a species along elevational or other environmental gradients and an improved quantitative methodology to identify and objectively describe these patterns. Patterns are defined in terms of changes occurring at the leading, trailing or both edges of the distribution: (a) leading edge expansion, (b) trailing edge retraction, (c) range expansion, (d) optimum shift, (e) expansion, (f) retraction, and (g) shift. The methodology is based on the modelling of species distributions along a gradient using generalized additive models (GAMs). Separate models are calibrated for two distinct periods of assessment and response curves are compared over five reference points. Changes occurred at these points are formalized into a code that ultimately designates the corresponding change pattern. We tested the proposed methodology using data from the Swiss national common breeding bird survey. The elevational distributions of 95 bird species were modelled for the periods 1999-2002 and 2004-2007 and significant upward shifts (all patterns confounded) were identified for 35% of the species. Over the same period, an increase in mean temperature was registered for Switzerland. In consideration of the short period covered by the case study, assessed change patterns are considered to correspond to intermediate patterns in an ongoing shifting process. However, similar patterns can be determined by habitat barriers, land use/land cover changes, competition with concurrent or invasive species or different warming rates at different elevations.     

Circadian Rhythm of Heart Rate,Urinary Cortisol Excretion,and Sleep in Civil Air Traffic Controllers

The examination of Air Traffic Controllers (ATCs) from the Warsaw Airport (Poland) included 24-hr ECG monitoring. The participants were 10 civil ATCs, 9 males and 1 woman. The study was carried out on a group of 19 ATCs during their duty periods, 14 of them working 12-hr shifts and 5 performing 24-hr duties. The participants collected urine every 4 hrs, and Cortisol concentration was determined. Further, the survey included the quality and duration of sleep, and subjective fatigue in the 62 participants.

In ATCs, shift work modifies natural rhythms of the circulatory system and decreases the ability for intensified mental work at night. In consequence ATCs experience frequent sleep disorders.