寡养单胞菌对S2-氧化特性及主要代谢途径

以无机硫（S²）^-为目标污染物,从北京东沙河黑臭水体筛选出一株能够高效氧化S^2-的土著硫氧化菌,并对其进行16S rRNA测序及生理生化特性鉴定,结果表明,该菌株属于寡养单胞菌属（Stenotrophomonas）,命名为Stenotrophomonas sp.sp3.菌株sp3在温度25℃,初始pH值7.0,初始葡萄糖浓度0.25%,初始菌浓度1.00g/L时,菌株sp3对S^2-的氧化率最高.在此适宜条件下,反应60h后,菌株sp3对S^2-的最高氧化率达到86.6%.S^2-的浓度在整个氧化过程中持续下降后保持稳定,在此过程中产生了S⁰,S₂O₃^2-,SO₃^2-以及SO₄^2-这4种其它存在形态的硫.随着S^2-被氧化,SO₄^2-的浓度呈缓慢上升的趋势.利用高通量测序技术推测菌株sp3主要是通过副球菌硫氧化途径（PSO）将非稳定态的S^2-逐步转化为稳定态的SO₄^2-.在此代谢途径中,一部分S^2-被氧化为S⁰,另一部分S^2-则直接氧化为SO₃^2-;S⁰与SO₃^2-可自发反应生成S₂O₃^2-,而S₂O₃^2-发生歧化反应再释放出SO₃^2-和S⁰;反应生成的部分SO₃^2-继续直接氧化为SO₄^2-.菌株sp3在黑臭水体的水质净化过程中有一定的应用前景.     

分层型水源水库沉积物需氧量特性

为探明分层型水源水库沉积物需氧量(SOD)特性及其影响因素,选取西安金盆水库主库区上覆水体流速较低的库心区及流速较高的入库口两处沉积物进行对比实验,估算水体不同扰动条件下沉积物需氧量,利用Biolog-Eco平板和三维荧光光谱(EMMs)技术从底栖微生物群落代谢活性和沉积物有机质两方面对取样点沉积物需氧量的差异性进行分析.结果表明,静止条件下,入库与库心沉积物在较高溶解氧时(约5 mg·L-1)的沉积物面积需氧量SOD5area分别为0.13 g·(m2·d)-1和0.36g·(m2·d)-1,库心约为入库的2.69倍.动态条件下,沉积物-水界面上覆水扰动增加使沉积物需氧量增加,沉积物耗氧动力学由一阶动力学方程逐渐向零阶动力学方程转变.入库与库心沉积物有机质含量分别为44.43 mg·g-1和45.12 mg·g-1,库心沉积物的可溶解性有机质(DOM)的总荧光强度约为入库的1.5倍.有机质含量更高的库心沉积物细菌群落代谢活性(以AWCD表征)更强,表明高含量有机质和较强细菌代谢活性是引起库心沉积物需氧量大的主要因素.将深层水库水体耗氧过程的研究结果与现有充氧曝气技术进行结合,可为提高曝气器充氧效率提供科学依据.     

基于偏离-份额和灰色关联分析法的广西入境旅游产业结构分析

运用偏离-份额法分析了广西入境旅游产业结构的竞争优劣势,并采用灰色系统关联度分析法对广西入境旅游业各部门收入与入境旅游外汇总收入之间的关联度进行了分析.结果表明,在2000-2007年相对于全国入境旅游产业而言,广西的游览、娱乐部门有一定的竞争优势,但与旅游外汇收入的关联度低,所占比重小;长途交通、商品销售部门与旅游外汇收入的关联度分别排第一、第二位;但缺乏竞争优势,结构效益较差;邮电通讯、餐饮、住宿、市内交通部门的关联度较大,处于竞争劣势或弱势地位;其他服务部门关联度最小,缺乏竞争力.指出了广西入境旅游产业结构存在的主要问题,提出了产业优化建议.     

Are Swiss birds tracking climate change?: Detecting elevational shifts using response curve shapes

Climate change is affecting biodiversity worldwide inducing species to either “move, adapt or die”. In this paper we propose a conceptual framework for analysing range shifts, namely a catalogue of the possible patterns of change in the distribution of a species along elevational or other environmental gradients and an improved quantitative methodology to identify and objectively describe these patterns. Patterns are defined in terms of changes occurring at the leading, trailing or both edges of the distribution: (a) leading edge expansion, (b) trailing edge retraction, (c) range expansion, (d) optimum shift, (e) expansion, (f) retraction, and (g) shift. The methodology is based on the modelling of species distributions along a gradient using generalized additive models (GAMs). Separate models are calibrated for two distinct periods of assessment and response curves are compared over five reference points. Changes occurred at these points are formalized into a code that ultimately designates the corresponding change pattern. We tested the proposed methodology using data from the Swiss national common breeding bird survey. The elevational distributions of 95 bird species were modelled for the periods 1999-2002 and 2004-2007 and significant upward shifts (all patterns confounded) were identified for 35% of the species. Over the same period, an increase in mean temperature was registered for Switzerland. In consideration of the short period covered by the case study, assessed change patterns are considered to correspond to intermediate patterns in an ongoing shifting process. However, similar patterns can be determined by habitat barriers, land use/land cover changes, competition with concurrent or invasive species or different warming rates at different elevations.     

Circadian Rhythm of Heart Rate,Urinary Cortisol Excretion,and Sleep in Civil Air Traffic Controllers

The examination of Air Traffic Controllers (ATCs) from the Warsaw Airport (Poland) included 24-hr ECG monitoring. The participants were 10 civil ATCs, 9 males and 1 woman. The study was carried out on a group of 19 ATCs during their duty periods, 14 of them working 12-hr shifts and 5 performing 24-hr duties. The participants collected urine every 4 hrs, and Cortisol concentration was determined. Further, the survey included the quality and duration of sleep, and subjective fatigue in the 62 participants.

In ATCs, shift work modifies natural rhythms of the circulatory system and decreases the ability for intensified mental work at night. In consequence ATCs experience frequent sleep disorders.     

Combined Effects of Physical Demands and Shift Working on Low Back Disorders Among Nursing Personnel

The aim of this study was to investigate the synergistic effects of physical demands and shift working on low back disorders (LBDs) among nursing personnel. The study used 2 questionnaires: a self-administered questionnaire composed of parts of Nordic musculoskeletal questionnaire to assess LBDs and job content questionnaire to assess physical demands. The participants were divided into 4 groups: from group 1 (low physical demands day workers) to group 4 (high physical demands shift workers). In regression analysis, high physical demands were associated with the prevalence of LBDs independently (OR 4.4, 95% CI [2.40, 8.00] and p < .05), but there was no association between shift working and LBDs (p > .05). Odds ratio in high physical demands shift workers was 9.33 compared to the reference group (p < .001). Calculated synergistic index was 7.37. Simultaneous impacts of shift working and high physical demands may increase the prevalence of LBDs among nursing personnel.     

沙尘尺寸分布对微波传输特性的影响

应用沙尘粒子的尺寸分布和沙粒的等效介电常数模型,给出了微波在沙尘暴中的传输模型,表明沙尘的衰减和相移与沙粒的等效半径成正比关系,并对不同能见度、不同频率和不同高度下沙尘暴引起的衰减和相移进行了仿真计算。结果表明,对数正态分布和指数分布对微波的传输特性影响最大,瑞利分布和正态分布的预测结果比较接近且影响最小。     

增强生物除磷系统中微生物及其代谢机制研究进展

阐述了增强生物除磷系统中两种重要微生物——聚磷菌和聚糖菌的厌氧-好氧代谢的基本原理,着重介绍了几种典型的聚磷菌和聚糖菌,以及这两类微生物的生长环境、分离纯化方法和探针序列的最新进展,接着进一步分析了聚磷菌和聚糖菌基于乙酸、丙酸和混合酸作为碳源的厌氧代谢模型及物质转化关系,最后对增强生物除磷的研究方向进行了展望。     

毫米波在带电沙粒的传播特性研究

沙粒带电是以表面部分区域带电的方式存在,应用沙粒的等效介电常数模型,对沙尘暴引起毫米波的衰减和相移进行了分析和仿真计算。结果表明,频率小于35GHz时,沙尘对电磁波的衰减影响较小;当水含量增大时,衰减会随之显著增加。沙粒带电量越大,沙尘引起的相移频率随之而增大。     

三江平原小叶章湿地土壤微生物活性特征研究

选取三江平原河滨湿地、沼泽湿地和草甸化湿地3种类型小叶章湿地0~20cm土壤,研究了不同类型湿地土壤总有机碳(TOC)、微生物生物量碳(MBC)、微生物生物量氮(MBN)、基础呼吸(BR)、呼吸势(PR)、微生物熵(Cmic/Corg)和代谢熵(qCO2)变化规律.结果表明,不同类型小叶章湿地土壤总有机碳、微生物生物量碳和基础呼吸分别为46.60~75.44g.kg-1、1106.86~2319.42mg.kg-1和5.72~10.10mg.kg-.1h-1.河滨湿地和沼泽湿地土壤总有机碳、微生物生物量碳、微生物生物量氮、基础呼吸、呼吸势和微生物熵均显著高于草甸化湿地(p0.01),而河滨湿地和沼泽湿地代谢熵明显低于草甸化湿地(p0.05).各土壤微生物活性指标在河滨湿地和沼泽湿地间均无明显差异.因而,相对于河滨湿地和沼泽湿地,草甸化湿地土壤微生物活性处于较低水平,土壤总有机碳和水分含量低是限制草甸化湿地土壤微生物活性的重要因素.