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371.
芜湖市郊土壤污染对土壤动物群落结构的影响 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
研究表明,芜湖市郊农田土壤动物群落的组成与数量随污染程度的加重而减少,土壤动物密度也呈同样的变化趋势,特别是中小型土壤动物,优势类群数量发生较大消长,常见类群和稀有类群的组成逐渐减少.多样性指数H与重金属污染程度之间关系因受到季节的影响而变得复杂:冬季和初夏污染较重样地优势类群数量减少,群落均匀性指数E增加而优势度指数C减小,多样性指数H较高;而春季处于过渡阶段,某些类群(如螨类)数量爆发,C增高,H较小.土壤动物群落密度一类群指数DG随污染加重而减小.受到重金属污染的农田土壤动物的表聚性减弱,甚至出现逆分布现象.图1表4参15 相似文献
372.
The NO/H2/O2 reaction was studied under oxidizing conditions in the 100-400 °C range over 0.1 wt% Pt supported on various metal oxides such as MgO, CeO2, SiO2, La2O3, CaO, Y2O3 and TiO2. The Pt/MgO and Pt/CeO2 catalysts showed good catalytic behaviours. Here, we find that the Pt/Mg-Ce-O catalyst, prepared from MgO and CeO2 by the sol-gel method, is a very active and selective catalyst towards N2 formation in the whole 100–400 °C range. This catalyst appears to be the most active, selective and stable one ever reported in the literature for the NO/H2/O2 reaction, even in the presence of 5%v H2O or 20 ppmv of SO2 in the feed stream.Selected article from the Regional Symposium on Chemistry and Environment, Krusevac, Serbia, June 2003, organised by Dr. Branimir Jovancicevic. 相似文献
373.
This study investigated geochemical characteristics of the acid mine drainage (AMD) discharged from the abandoned mine adits in the vicinity of the Dogye coal mine in Korea. Acid mine drainage discharged from Jeoncha pit adit of the Dogye coal mine, which is the main source of the AMD in the study area, had a pH value of 3.0 and concentrations of 2148mg SO4
2– L–1, 229mg Fe L–1, 71mg A1 L–1 and 11mg Mn L–1. The reduction of some metal concentrations downstream from the discharge point could be explained on the basis of dilution and precipitation. The order of removal of metal ions downstream from the discharge point was Fe>A1, Cu>Zn, Mn. Acidity could be used as a good determining factor offering comprehensive and quantitative values for the polluting extent of acid mine drainage. The acidities existing in all acidic water samples in the Gunahan district originated primarily from mineral acidity, especially in the upper Nahan Creek from dissolved Fe and Al and in the middle and down Nahan Creek from dissolved Al. From the application of the WATEQ4F program, it was determined that predominant species of dissolved Fe in all water samples was Fe2+, and those of dissolved Al were AlSO4
+ and Al3+ except for IW2 sample which was associated with white precipitates. The species of dissolved Al in IW2 sample include also AlOH2+ and Al(OH)2
+. The saturation indices of goethite and haematite were positive in the water samples associated with ochrous precipitates (usually called Yellow Boy), therefore these solids might be precipitated. For the IW2 sample, the saturation indices of amorphous Al(OH)3 and gibbsite were positive, so theoretically these solids might also be precipitated. By XRD analysis, it was found that goethite occurs in ochrous precipitates, and gibbsite in white precipitates. 相似文献
374.
Margaret E. Farago Iain Thornton Nicola D. White Inge Tell Maj‐Britt Mårtensson 《Environmental geochemistry and health》1999,21(1):67-82
Scandinavia has one secondary lead smelter that recycles lead from approximately 85% of used car batteries in Scandinavia and which has been active since the 1940s. The smelter, situated in Landskrona, has undergone a comprehensive clean up programme during the last decade, during which time production has doubled, while at the same time discharges of dust and lead to the atmosphere have decreased.Top and depth soil samples were taken on a 0.5km×0.5Km grid throughout the city of Landskrona, which covers an area of approximately 15km2. Samples were analysed by ICPAES for a number of elements including Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, As, Sb and Hg. Road dust samples from selected sites were collected and similarly analysed. Blood samples were taken from 37 volunteer schoolchildren (aged 8–11) from two schools in Landskrona. House dust samples were taken from each child's home. Soil samples were taken from homes which had gardens, public and school play areas. Elevated heavy metal concentrations were found in close proximity to the secondary lead smelter, and this soil enrichment influences the whole of the town, modified to some extent by the prevailing wind. The smelter does not influence the soil lead concentration at distances greater than 3.5km, where the soil reflects the background value for the area.Road dust samples also show decreases in lead concentrations with distance from the smelter. The average level of lead in house dust was considerably lower than that found in Birmingham, UK. Blood lead levels in the child population ranged from 1.5–5.1gdl–1, with a mean of 3.05gdl–1, showing a distinct decrease from those measured in 1978–82. No significant difference in blood lead concentrations with distance of the home from the smelter, nor between attenders at the two schools was revealed in the limited number of children studied. 相似文献
375.
376.
高分子壳聚糖对微量金属离子的螯合作用研究 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
研究了壳聚糖对溶液中Mn2 + 、Fe2 + 、Cu2 + 、Zn2 + 4种常见微量金属离子的吸附作用 ,通过吸附率、溶液pH等参数 ,表征了壳聚糖的吸附能力及其对离子的选择性吸附 ,其选择性次序为 :Cu+ 2 >Zn2 + >Fe+ 2 >Mn+ 2 ,为壳聚糖处理污水中的微量金属离子作了探索。 相似文献
377.
Rapid ecotoxicological assessment of heavy metal combined polluted soil using canonical analysis 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
IntroductionElevatedconcentrationofheavymetalssuchascopperandcadmiumexistinmanyagriculturalsoilsfromminingactivities(Chen ,2 0 0 0 ;Dudka ,1 997;Lambert,1 997)andfrommanagementpracticesincludingirrigationwithsewageandutilizationofsewagesludge(Clapp ,1 994) .Onceheavymetalsenteredintosoils,regardlessthesources,theywouldnotonlybeaccumulatedbyorganisms,butalsocirculateinthefoodchain (Uhlig ,2 0 0 0 ;Barcan ,1 998) .Furthermore ,theirramificationwouldberetainedinsoilecosystemwithtoxicconcentrati… 相似文献
379.
讨论了芝罘湾沉积物酸提取相中Pb、Cu、Cr、Fe、Mn、Li、K的分特征,及其在环境中的赋存形式,并与其它海区资料相比,得出该湾沉积物已受到重金属污染的结论。 相似文献
380.