东莞市不同产业类型城镇周边菜地土壤重金属污染研究

文章为了分析东莞市在快速工业化和城市化情况下城镇周边菜地重金属积累现状、污染程度及其分布特点,对东莞市6个镇区46个菜地样地土壤重金属进行了调查、检测和分析。结果发现Zn、Cu、Cd和Pb检测值大都超过广东省背景值,而cd污染最重,67．4％的样地综合污染已经超过了警戒水平。研究发现菜地土壤重金属污染虽然有某种复合型,但程度较弱,检测元素大多没有关联性,结果也表明Zn、Cu、Cd和Cr的分布不受镇区位置的影响,而可能更多是受采样点微环境的影响。     

蒙顶山茶区土壤重金属环境质量及土壤pH值现状评价

本文利用地球化学背景资料,采用单项污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法,根据土壤环境质量标准(GB15618-1995)中的二级标准,以茶区11个地层为单元分别对土壤重金属环境质量及该区土壤pH值进行了地球化学评价。评价结果表明,研究区K2j、K1t、K2g1、K2g3和Q2五个地层土壤为清洁区;其余各地层土壤尚清洁。就各单指标指数来看,Cd元素对土壤污染指数作用最大。     

某市工业区土壤重金属污染及富集植物的研究

为了促进某市工业区土壤重金属污染的治理,对该区土壤和野生的主要四种植物,用原子吸收的方法测定了金属Cr、Cu和Ni的含量。结果表明：土壤中三种金属的X含量是533．14mg／ks,923．252mg／kg,310．928mg／kg。是国家土壤环境质量三级标准的533．1、2．3和1．55倍,说明污染严重;植物体内的金属含量高出正常土壤环境下的含量,经过对植物转移系数和富集系数分析,蒲公英Taraxacum ohwianum Kitam．对三种金属积累和富集最强;其次菊芋Hellanthus tuberofus L．对Cr能力较强;龙葵Solarium nigrum L．对Cu能力较强;小蓟Cirsium segetum Bunge对Ni能力较强。使利用植物积累和富集还原和净化土壤重金属污染成为可能。     

石家庄污灌区土壤重金属污染现状评价

为揭示污水灌溉对土壤环境质量的影响,本研究以石家庄市污灌区为例,对其表层土壤重金属Pb、Hg、Cr、Cd、As、Cu、Zn的含量进行了测定分析,按照单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法,根据土壤环境背景值标准进行了评价,并应用克里格插值方法对研究区内表层土壤污染的空间变异特征进行了分析。结果表明,研究区表层土壤中各重金属均有超过背景值现象;其中Cd含量远高于土壤背景值,为主要污染因子,Hg为次要污染因子,Cu、Cr、Pb、Zn基本上为轻度污染,As处于清洁状态;污染综合指数均大于1,处于轻度污染以上等级;各种金属单因子污染指数和综合指数在研究区的分布特点各不相同,总体上形成以东明渠、洨河主河道为中心逐渐向两边递减的污染分布状态,中度污染及严重污染将近占研究区总面积的一半以上。     

二妃山垃圾填埋场地下水环境质量浅析

以武汉市二妃山垃圾填埋场的渗滤液和周边地下水环境质量为研究对象,2007年12月采取垃圾填埋场的渗滤液和周边居民自用水井的地下水进行检测分析和模糊评价。测试目标为pH、总硬度和阴阳离子等。经检测后发现垃圾渗滤液中大部分金属离子含量比较高,部分水井中Fe、Hg、Mn、Pb、NO3离子超过地下水质量标准GB／T14848—1993三级标准,可见垃圾填埋场对周边地下水产生了一定的影响。     

土壤中重金属测定方法探讨

采用硝酸+氢氟酸+高氯酸全分解方法消解土壤样品,并结合原子吸收分光光度法和标准加入法测定土壤中、锌、铅、镉、镍、总铬的含量.结果表明,该方法具有操作简便、快速,节省试剂,准确可靠等特点:实际土壤样品的检测结果完全能满足环境土壤样品测定的要求.     

大连湾底栖生物重金属含量现状与评价

根据2001年-2008年的资料,对大连湾底栖生物重金属含量进行分析与评价。结果表明,底栖生物体内重金属平均含量顺序为：Zn〉Cr〉Cu〉Cd〉As〉Pb〉Hg;2006年-2008年均值与＂十五＂期间比较,海域底栖生物体重金属含量均有所下降;底栖生物受重金属污染较轻,但Cd、Cr、Zn、Hg、Cu富集问题严重;生物体内Cd含量超过人体消费标准,应引起有关部门重视。     

Bioaccumulation and depuration of chromium in the selected organs and whole body tissues of freshwater fish Cirrhinus mrigala individually and in binary solutions with nickel

Contamination of aquatic ecosystems with heavy metals has been receiving increased worldwide attention due to their harmful e ects on human health and other organisms in the environment. Most of the studies dealing with toxic e ects of metals deal with single metal species, while the aquatic organisms are typically exposed to mixtures of metals. Hence, in order to provide data supporting the usefulness of freshwater fish as indicators of heavy metal pollution, it has been proposed in the present study to investigate the bioaccumulation and depuration of chromium in the selected organs of freshwater fingerlings Cirrhinus mrigala, individually and in binary solutions with nickel. The results show that the kidney is a target organ for chromium accumulation, which implies that it is also the “critical” organ for toxic symptoms. The results further show that accumulation of nickel in all the tissues of C. mrigala is higher than that of chromium. In addition, the metal accumulations of the binary mixtures of chromium and nickel are substantially higher than those of the individual metals, indicating synergistic interactions between the two metals. Theoretically the simplest explanation for an additive joint action of toxicants in a mixture is that they act in a qualitatively similar way. The observed data suggest that C. mrigala could be suitable monitoring organisms to study the bioavailability of water-bound metals in freshwater habitats.     

Bioaccumulation of heavy metals by Phragmites australis cultivated in synthesized substrates

Accumulation of heavy metals from various oxides with adsorbed cadmium by wetland plant Phragmites australis was studied to evaluate the fate of heavy metals in the sediment of constructed wetlands. Hoagland solution was used as nutrition supply, and single metal oxide with adsorbed cadmium was applied as contaminant to study the accumulation characteristics of cadmium and the substrate metals by P. australis. After 45-d treatment, the bioaccumulation degree in root followed the order: Al(OH)₃ > Al₂O₃ > Fe₃O₄ > MnO₂ > FeOOH. Heavy metals absorbed by P. australis were largely immobilized by the roots with little translocation to aboveground parts.     

Heavy metal removal from aqueous solution using carbonaceous K2S-impregnated adsorbent

A novel carbonaceous adsorbent for heavy metal removal was prepared from raw coal by one-step simple sulfur impregnation using K2S. Raw coal was mixed with K2S powder and then heated at 800°C for 30 min in nitrogen to produce K2S char. The sulfur content and form in K2S char were determined, and the ability of K2S char to adsorb Zn2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+ was examined. The K2S impregnation was e ective at impregnating sulfur into coal, especially in the form of elemental, thiophenic and sulfatic sulfur. The sulfur content of K2S char was higher than those of raw coal and pyrolysis char. The Zn2+ removal in 2.4 mmol/L of Zn2+ solution by K2S char was higher than raw coal with the removal rate of 100%. K2S char adsorbed Pb2+ and Cd2+ in 24 mmol/L of Pb2+ and Cd2+ solution with the removal rate of 97% and 35%, respectively. The elution extents of adsorbed Pb2+ and Cd2+ were zero in distilled water and 27% in 0.1 mol/L HCl solution. These results indicated that an e ective adsorbent for heavy metal ions was prepared from coal using K2S sulfur impregnation, and that the adsorbed metals were strongly retained in K2S char.