可见光下氮掺杂二氧化钛对巯基苯并噻唑的降解

光降解反应中为了有效地利用可见光,以氨水为氮源,采用溶胶凝胶法在温和条件下制备出黄色氮掺杂二氧化钛。分别采用XRD、TEM、XPS和UV-Vis漫反射光谱对样品进行了表征。结果表明,所制备的样品均为锐钛矿相,晶粒随N/Ti配比的增加而增大;氮掺杂进入二氧化钛晶格中使可见光吸收增强。为控制水处理过程中的气味问题,以巯基苯并噻唑为探针,考察了氮掺杂二氧化钛的可见光活性。结果显示氮掺杂二氧化钛在可见光照射下可使巯基苯并噻唑的降解率为商用二氧化钛DegussaP-25的3倍。此外,存在一个最佳N/Ti配比显示出最高的可见光活性。     

SO2长期吸入对大鼠肺组织基因表达谱的影响

采用Affymetrix的基因芯片(RAE230A)技术,研究了SO2长期动态吸入(14mg/m3,1h/d,共30d)后大鼠肺组织基因表达谱的改变.结果表明,与对照组(CK)相比,SO2长期吸入后大鼠肺组织表达上调的基因有173个,其中包括79个已知基因和94个新基因,而表达下调的基因有85个,其中包括46个已知基因和39个新基因.表明:(1)长期吸入SO2的大鼠肺基因表达谱与其CK相比,表达有差异的基因涉及到脂肪酸代谢、免疫、炎症、氧化应激、原癌基因、肿瘤抑制基因和细胞外基质等,表明低剂量长期吸入SO2在体内的机理非常复杂;(2)SO2高剂量短期吸入与低剂量长期吸入后,大鼠肺组织基因表达谱的改变很不一致,表明二者在体内的作用机理不同;(3)SO2可引起多种基因的表达发生改变,这意味着多种基因的表达是易变的、不稳定的,在肺组织中可能存在着SO2诱发的表达不稳定型基因组.表1参19     

Ni2+金属结合肽的筛选和序列分析

利用噬菌体随机十二肽库对金属N i2 进行了结合肽筛选,经5轮生物淘洗、噬菌体扩增和DNA测序,获得8条多肽序列,分析发现其中富含组氨酸(4~6个/肽).结果表明,组氨酸的存在对蛋白质和金属N i2 的结合起着关键作用.图1表1参11     

叶面喷Ca2+增加海滨锦葵幼苗对高温的适应能力

以10 mmol.L-1CaC l2溶液喷洒海滨锦葵(Kosteletzkya virginica)幼苗叶片,7 d后将其转移至40℃培养箱中高温培养,定期测定有关生理生化指标。结果表明:Ca2 处理组海滨锦葵幼苗的脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量较对照组低,萎蔫程度明显轻于对照组,根系活力下降幅度小于对照组;Ca2 处理可有效抑制膜透性的加大,提高Ca2 -ATPase活性。Ca2 处理能提高海滨锦葵幼苗的耐热性。     

High Cu and Cd pollution in sediments from Sisimiut, Greenland. Adsorption to organic matter and fine particles

High concentrations of Cu of up to 200 mg/kg, and Cd of up to 4.0 mg/kg, were found in sediments from the aquatic environment around Sisimiut, Greenland. These concentrations are four times higher than the limiting concentration where toxicological effects are expected. The pollution could be linked to human activities in Sisimiut, a link that have not been investigated previously in Greenland. Except from the most polluted samples there was good correlation between heavy metal concentration and organic matter. Also some relationship between fine fraction and heavy metal concentration was observed.     

Sorption of the natural endocrine disruptors,oestrone and 17 beta-oestradiol in the aquatic environment

Adsorption of hydrophobic contaminants at the particle/water interface is one of the key processes controlling their fate in the aquatic environment. The sorption of the natural female hormones oestrone and 17-oestradiol has been studied under simulated riverine conditions. Both the kinetics and the effects of varying fundamental environmental parameters (e.g. sediment properties) on the thermodynamic equilibrium partition coefficient (K _p) have been studied in continuous and batch sorption experiments, respectively. Results showed that the sorption of oestrone and 17-oestradiol by sediment was relatively slow, reaching equilibrium in 50 days. In addition, relatively small adsorption of both oestrone and 17-oestradiol onto the sediment was observed, with K _p values between 200 and 250 mL g^–1. The comparable K _p values of the two compounds reflect their structural similarity. It can be concluded that the two endocrine disruptors, oestrone and 17-oestradiol remain primarily in association with the aqueous phase.     

Urban Geochemistry: A Multimedia and Multielement Survey of a Small Town in Northern Europe

The concentrations and distributions of chemical elements (Ag, Al, As, Au, Ba, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Hg, K, La, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Sr, Te, Th, Ti, Tl, U, V, W and Zn) were studied in till, humus and urban soil in Jakobstad, a small town (20,000 inhabitants) in W. Finland. The analyses were performed with ICP-MS after aqua regia leaching of till (n = 37), urban topsoil (n = 32) and subsoil (n = 32), and HNO3 leaching of humus (n = 37). The till and humus samples, collected at the same sites, were divided into urban and rural samples. The urban till was not significantly enriched in metals. In contrast, a majority of the elements occurred in higher concentrations in the urban than the rural humus samples. Statistical and spatial interpretations of the humus data revealed that traffic (Pb, V and Ni), metal industry (Pb, Zn, Bi, Sb and Cr), an abandoned shooting range (Pb and Sb) and other sources contribute to higher metal levels in the urban humus. The urban soil samples were collected at parks, yards, abandoned industrial sites, roadsides, etc. The topsoil samples were enriched in most elements, also by elements not enriched in the urban humus (e.g. Cd). At several sites, the concentrations far exceeded the limit concentrations for contaminated soils in Finland. A large variety of sources were identified or indicated.     

湘南红壤对NO_3~-和SO_4~(2-)的吸附机理研究

本文研究了湘南第四纪红粘土发育的红壤对NO_3和SO_4~(2-)的吸附等温线。结果表明红壤对NO_3~-的吸附在浓度低时为负吸附,浓度高时为正吸附,吸附机理为非专性吸附,红壤对SO_4~(2-)的吸附等温式以Freundlich方程最好,在达到最大吸量(X_m)之前,SO_4~(2-)以置换羟基(—OH)的配位吸附为主;而在达到最大吸附量以后,以非专性物理吸附为主。     

Cd胁迫下杂交水稻对Cd的吸收及其动态变化

镉（Cd）是非必需的有毒元素,是农业环境和农产品的重要污染物,易被水稻吸收并在籽粒中积累。不同水稻品种拥有不同的独特基因,导致水稻籽粒吸收积累Cd的能力存在一定的差异。因此,开展不同水稻品种耐Cd特性及其不同生育期的吸收转运效率研究具有重要意义。本文采用水培试验,研究了两个水稻（Oryza sativa L.）品种：D83A/R527（低吸收累积Cd）和辐优838（高吸收累积Cd）在不同质量浓度Cd胁迫下籽粒Cd质量分数及不同生育时期水稻根、茎、叶内Cd的吸收积累量及其动态变化特点。结果表明,两种水稻品种在Cd胁迫下籽粒Cd积累量差异显著,辐优838在1.0 mg·L^-1 Cd质量浓度胁迫下籽粒Cd质量分数就已超过国家食品卫生标准;在1.0~3.0 mg·L^-1 Cd质量浓度胁迫下,D83A/R527籽粒内Cd质量分数仅为辐优838的50~60%。随着Cd处理浓度增加和生育时期推进,两种水稻各部位Cd吸收量均表现为逐渐增加,其增加幅度总体表现为：辐优838〉D83A/R527;不同部位中,根的积累效应最强,叶片吸收积累能力最低,辐优838茎、叶吸收积累效率分别是D83A/R527的1.5~2.0倍左右。在1.0~3.0mg·L^-1 Cd胁迫下,水稻Cd积累差异较为显著的时期为灌浆期,辐优838的根系向茎、叶的转移效率大于D83A/R527,且D83A/R527主要表现为由根系向茎Cd转移效率较高,叶片Cd积累相对较少。灌浆期是水稻籽粒干物质积累的重要时期,也是吸收累积Cd的重要时期,这为筛选低吸收积累水稻品种和调控Cd在水稻籽粒中的吸收累积奠定了重要理论基础。     

PM10中重金属的提取方法及生物可利用性研究

分别运用模拟生物提取法与化学连续提取法对PM10标准参考样品城市源（NIST-1648A）和工业源（BCR-038）中6种重金属（Cd、Co、Cu、Mn、Ni、Pb）质量分数及赋存形态进行分析。其目标是验证2种提取大气固体颗粒物中重金属方法的有效性,并比较2种方法的优缺点,为将来提取PM10中重金属的方法选取提供依据。模拟生物提取法中,使用Gamble溶液模拟人体肺液对 PM10样品进行溶解,实验方法操作较为简单快捷;化学连续提取法中,不同溶解步骤则可确定重金属的不同赋存形态。在需要快速确定 PM10中某种重金属总量时,应优先使用模拟生物提取法。化学连续提取结果表明,城市源PM10中重金属赋存形态分布没有统一规律,工业源PM10中重金属多以残渣态存在。通过对2种来源的PM10样品中重金属生物可利用性分析,城市源的大气颗粒物对人体的毒性更大,其中标准参考样品城市源 PM10中生物可利用性较高的是重金属Cd（BIBio为61.65%±3.45%;BISE为69.02%±3.82%）和Cu,最低的是重金属Co和Pb;标准参考样品工业源PM10中重金属的生物可利用性最高的是Cd（BIBio为27.66%±1.52%;BISE为15.05%±2.13%）,而Ni、Co和Pb的生物可利用性较低。