昆明市蔬菜及其土壤中铅、镉、铜和锌含量水平及污染评价

对昆明市蔬菜及其土壤中铅、镉、铜和锌含量水平进行了初步的调查并对其土壤污染进行了评价,结果表明蔬菜土壤重金属Pb、Cd、Cu、Zn均存在一定程度的污染,其中Pb、Zn为轻污染,Cd、Cu为中污染,土壤重金属综合评价为中污染.蔬菜可食部分Pb、Cd、Zn的含量均超过国家食品卫生标准和绿色蔬菜标准,依次为Pb、Cu、Cd、Zn.蔬菜中Pb含量过高与汽车尾气Pb污染有很大的关系.     

焦作市土壤重金属污染状况分析

用原子吸收分光光度法测定了焦作市解放区、山阳区、马村区、中站区四个地区48个样品中Cr、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd5种重金属的含量分布厦污染状况。结果表明，土壤尚未受Cr污染，Cu和Cd污染程度较轻，Pb和Zn的污染较严重，并进行了污染源分析，提出建议反对策。     

金属浓度,半透膜孔径,水温及配位体对半透膜囊吸收铜的影响

在实验室条件下，研究了影响树脂－半透膜囊吸收铜的主要因素，重点探讨了水相铜含量，半透膜孔径，温度以及天然河水中的有机配位体对吸收的影响。结果表明，半透膜囊吸收量与水相游离铜浓度，水温及半透膜孔径的非整数次幂成正比，其中包括ＥＤＴＡ，河水富里酸，以及河水中的各种天然有机物在内的配位体均与铜生成不能被半透膜囊吸收的络合物，研究结果进一步证实了半透膜囊对水环境中游离态微量金属进行长期监测的可行性。     

城市污泥直接施用对农田的生态效应研究初报

采用盆栽和田间试验,研究了广州市大坦沙污水处理厂污泥对蔬菜生长发育的影响、污泥中重金属元素在作物体内的累积及在土壤中的残留状况。盆栽结果表明,作物的生长发育和产量与污泥的施用量有一定的关系,施用污泥对于在养分水平较低的砂质土上效果较明显。厂区大田试验还表明,施用污泥对生长周期长的块根类作物的增产效果比茎叶类、果实类作物更显著。作物对Ni的累积量相对为最大,土壤则以Cu、Zn的残留量为最大。在污泥施用量为3×10~4kg ha~(-1)的条件下,作物体内的重金属元素含量均未超过国家食品卫生标准。若污泥施用量为1.5×10~4kg ha~(-1),则其安全施用年限估计为12年。     

土壤重金属污染治理措施综述

在阐述土壤环境重金属污染特点的基础上，介绍了近年来国内外采用的各种土壤重金属污染的治理措施，按治理方式归纳为四类：工程措施、生物措施、农业措施和改良措施．分别阐述了各类措施的适用条件、范围、效果和费用．同时，对今后的治理研究提出了一些见解．     

分析人体弯腰提物时脊柱的受力情况预防腰椎间盘损伤

对人体脊柱不同情况的受力分析得出椎间盘受损伤的原因,结合现实生活中一些导致腰椎盘突出或损伤不良的力学行为,从而提出有效地预防腰椎间盘损伤的措施.     

Impact of Gold mining on the Environment and Human Health: A Case Study in the Migori Gold Belt, Kenya

The study of gold sites in the Migori Gold Belt, Kenya, revealed that the concentrations of heavy metals, mainly Hg, Pb and As are above acceptable levels. Tailings at the panning sites recorded values of 6.5–510 mg kg^–1 Pb, 0.06–76.0 mg kg^–1 As and 0.46–1920 mg kg^–1 Hg. Stream sediments had values of 3.0–11075 mg kg^–1 Pb, 0.014–1.87 mg kg^–1 As and 0.28–348 mg kg^–1 Hg. The highest metal contamination was recorded in sediments from the Macalder stream (11075 mg kg^–1 Pb), Nairobi mine tailings (76.0 mg kg^–1 As) and Mickey tailings (1920 mg kg^–1 Hg). Mercury has a long residence time in the environment and this makes its emissions from artisan mining a threat to health. Inhaling large amounts of siliceous dust, careless handling of mercury during gold panning and Au/Hg amalgam processing, existence of water logged pits and trenches; and large number of miners sharing poor quality air in the mines are the major causes of health hazards among miners. The amount of mercury used by miners for gold amalgamation during peak mining periods varies from 150 to 200 kg per month. Out of this, about 40% are lost during panning and 60% lost during heating Au/Hg amalgam. The use of pressure burners to weaken the reef is a deadly mining procedure as hot particles of Pb, As and other sulphide minerals burn the body. Burns become septic. This, apparently, leads to death within 2–3 years. On-site training of miners on safe mining practices met with enthusiasm and acceptance. The use of dust masks, air filters and heavy chemical gloves during mining and mineral processing were readily accepted. Miners were thus advised to purchase such protective gear, and to continue using them for the sake of their health. The miners' workshop, which was held at the end of the project is likely to bear fruit. The Migori District Commissioner and other Government officials, including medical officers attended this workshop. As a result of this, the Government is seriously considering setting up a clinic at Masara, which is one of the mining centres in the district. This would improve the health of the mining community.     

应用多变量脸谱图进行河流与湖泊表层沉积物重金属污染状况的综合对比研究

依据沉积学原理和水体沉积物重金属的环境地球化学特征,将地积累指数与改进的多变量Chernoff脸谱图相结合,选择江西德兴铜矿附近的乐安江表层沉积物以及德国西南部Mannheim和Worms周围若干湖泊的表层沉积物作为研究对象,开展不同地域、不同类型水体沉积物中重金属积累的对比分析和污染状况的综合性定量评价.多变量脸谱图能清晰地反映出两区域沉积物中重金属的污染特征和空间分布模式.     

氧化铈在非贵金属燃烧催化剂中热稳定性的研究

本文考察了Ｃｅ含量对提高催化剂的热稳定性的作用，并采用Ｘ－射线衍射分析Ｃｅ含量对催化剂活性组成的影响。结果表明，合适的Ｃｅ含量能够提高催化剂的热稳定性，这主要是氧化铈能够阻止ＮｉＣｏ２Ｏ４相的生成，而ＮｉＣｏ２Ｏ４的生成对本系列催化剂的燃烧活性是不利的。实验还表明，在空气气氛下有利于形成ＮｉＣｏ２Ｏ４相，在Ｎ２／Ｈ２Ｏ气氛中不利于ＮｉＣｏ２Ｏ４相的生成。     

土壤中金属阳离子对Cl-离子吸附的诱导效应

使用三种可变电荷土壤和一种恒电荷土壤 ,研究电解质溶液中金属阳离子对Cl-离子吸附的影响 .结果表明 ,在可变电荷土壤中 ,金属阳离子对Cl- 离子的吸附有明显的诱导效应 ,影响大小次序为 :AlCl3>CuCl2 >KCl>NaCl.而在恒电荷土壤中影响不大