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101.
采用界面聚合方法将UIO-66纳米颗粒引入复合膜中制备出改性的聚酰胺复合膜,并利用傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、原子力显微镜（AFM）、X射线衍射光谱（XRD）和接触角仪等仪器对材料和复合膜进行测定表征.以去离子水为原料液,1mol/L氯化钠溶液为汲取液进行渗透性能测试.选取BSA及SA作为污染物进行污染实验,并利用自制探针,借助原子力显微镜（AFM）测定了污染物与膜面的微观作用力.研究发现,相较于原始的聚酰胺复合膜,当UIO-66材料的添加量为0.04wt%时,改性复合膜在FO模式下的纯水通量由10.28L/（m2·h）增大到13.67L/（m2·h）, PRO模式下纯水通量由17.68L/（m2·h）增大到20.41L/（m2·h）,渗透性能改善效果显著,并具有较好的选择性能.此外,污染实验发现相较于原始膜,改性复合膜的通量衰减趋势较缓且与污染物之间粘附力都较小,说明UIO-66改性聚酰胺复合膜的抗污染性能有所提升. 相似文献
102.
工业园区是中国制造业发展的重要载体与做好碳达峰碳中和的关键支撑,建立统一规范的碳核算方法,是园区科学推进低碳发展的必要前提。本研究剖析了园区碳核算的复杂性,明确了园区“双碳”工作的核心要义,建立了“一芯四核”互馈式园区碳核算方法框架。该框架主要包括应用目标与范围定义、流分析与排放清单建立、碳排放计算、结果解释与决策支撑四个核心环节,四“核”间相互作用、迭代优化,根据园区发展实际进行具象化,并充分考虑向上与所在行政区域碳核算清单、向下与企业碳排放核算兼容,最终服务于准确把握低碳发展内涵、锻造新的产业竞争优势这一关键内“芯”。进一步地,研究阐述了“一芯四核”方法框架各主要步骤,分析了园区碳核算实践中面临的园区边界、核算范围、清单建立、数据质量等方面的难点,提出了基于检验清单的各环节工作原则、操作步骤及注意事项。研究为“千园千面”的工业园区提供了科学统一的碳核算理论框架,可为工业园区在低碳转型中锻造新的产业竞争优势提供决策支撑,为建立统一规范碳排放统计核算体系奠定方法基础。 相似文献
103.
Jingjing Zhao Linqiong Xu Yaozhuo Su Hongwei Yu Hui Liu Shaoping Qian Wenge Zheng Yongqing Zhao 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2021,33(3):177-188
Zirconium-based metal-organic frameworks (Zr-MOFs) have attracted widespread attention due to their high specific surface area, high porosity, abundant metal active sites and excellent hydrothermal stability. However, Zr-MOFs materials are mostly powdery in nature and thus difficult to separate from aqueous media, which limits their application in wastewater treatment. In this study, PDA/Zr-MOFs/PU foam was constructed by growing Zr-MOFs nanoparticles on a dopamine-modified polyurethane foam substrate by in-situ hydrothermal synthesis as an adsorbent for removing dyes from wastewater. The results demonstrated that the polydopamine coating improves the dispersion of the Zr-MOFs nanoparticles on the substrate and enhances the interaction between the Zr-MOFs nanoparticles and the PU foam substrate. As a result, compared with Zr-MOFs/PU foam, the prepared PDA/Zr-MOFs/PU foam exhibits higher adsorption capacity for crystal violet (CV) (63.38 mg/g) and rhodamine B (RB) (67.73 mg/g), with maximum adsorption efficiencies of CV and RB of 98.4% (pH=11) and 93.5% (pH=7), respectively, at a concentration of 10 mg/L. The PDA/Zr-MOFs/PU foam can simultaneously remove CV and RB from the mixed solution. Moreover, the PDA/Zr-MOFs/PU foam still exhibits high stability and reusability after five cycles. 相似文献
104.
105.
针对战略环评中结构和布局具有不确定性的特点,允许排污总量量化的确定比较困难的现实,结合案例分析了允许排污总量与环境容量平衡的评价方法,充分考虑环境容纳能力,通过对容量进行调度,产生对产业结构和工业布局的影响,实现经济、社会和环境协调发展。 相似文献
106.
以金属有机骨架材料MIL-68(Al)为吸附剂,探究其对水中典型荧光增白剂VBL分子的吸附行为.采用粉末X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、场发射扫描电镜(SEM)及N_2吸附脱附对MIL-68(Al)的结构性质进行表征.探讨了p H值、离子强度、污染物初始浓度、反应温度及吸附时间对MIL-68(Al)吸附去除水中VBL的影响,并对吸附等温线、动力学、热力学及吸附机制进行了分析.实验结果表明,MIL-68(Al)对VBL的吸附能适应较宽的p H范围,吸附等温线符合Langmuir模型,最大吸附容量达到400.02 mg·g~(-1);吸附速率在前20 min很快,并且能在180 min达到吸附平衡,吸附动力学符合准二级动力学模型;吸附过程是吸热反应,吸附自发进行并且主要由熵驱动;静电作用和氢键作用对吸附均有贡献,静电作用是吸附发生的主要机制.由以上结果可知,MIL-68(Al)是一种潜在的高效吸附剂,在去除水中的VBL分子方面极具潜力. 相似文献
107.
108.
Global targets for the percentage area of land protected, such as 30% by 2030, have gained increasing prominence, but both their scientific basis and likely effectiveness have been questioned. As with emissions-reduction targets based on desired climate outcomes, percentage-protected targets combine values and science by estimating the area over which conservation actions are required to help achieve desired biodiversity outcomes. Protected areas are essential for achieving many biodiversity targets, in part because many species are highly sensitive to human-associated disturbance. However, because the contribution of protected areas to biodiversity outcomes is contingent on their location, management, governance, threats, and what occurs across the broader landscape matrix, global percentage-protected targets are unavoidably empirical generalizations of ecological patterns and processes across diverse geographies. Percentage-protected targets are insufficient in isolation but can complement other actions and contribute to biodiversity outcomes within a framework that balances accuracy and pragmatism in a global context characterized by imperfect biodiversity data. Ideally, percentage-protected targets serve as anchors that strengthen comprehensive national biodiversity strategies by communicating the level of ambition necessary to reverse current trends of biodiversity loss. If such targets are to fulfill this role within the complex societal process by which both values and science impel conservation actions, conservation scientists must clearly communicate the nature of the evidence base supporting percentage-protected targets and how protected areas can function within a broader landscape managed for sustainable coexistence between people and nature. A new paradigm for protected and conserved areas recognizes that national coordination, incentives, and monitoring should support rather than undermine diverse locally led conservation initiatives. However, the definition of a conserved area must retain a strong focus on biodiversity to remain consistent with the evidence base from which percentage-protected targets were originally derived. 相似文献
109.
Elizabeth J. Green Graeme M. Buchanan Stuart H. M. Butchart Georgina M. Chandler Neil D. Burgess Samantha L. L. Hill Richard D. Gregory 《Conservation biology》2019,33(6):1360-1369
To inform governmental discussions on the nature of a revised Strategic Plan for Biodiversity of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), we reviewed the relevant literature and assessed the framing of the 20 Aichi Biodiversity Targets in the current strategic plan. We asked international experts from nongovernmental organizations, academia, government agencies, international organizations, research institutes, and the CBD to score the Aichi Targets and their constituent elements against a set of specific, measurable, ambitious, realistic, unambiguous, scalable, and comprehensive criteria (SMART based, excluding time bound because all targets are bound to 2015 or 2020). We then investigated the relationship between these expert scores and reported progress toward the target elements by using the findings from 2 global progress assessments (Global Biodiversity Outlook and the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services). We analyzed the data with ordinal logistic regressions. We found significant positive relationships (p < 0.05) between progress and the extent to which the target elements were perceived to be measurable, realistic, unambiguous, and scalable. There was some evidence of a relationship between progress and specificity of the target elements, but no relationship between progress and ambition. We are the first to show associations between progress and the extent to which the Aichi Targets meet certain SMART criteria. As negotiations around the post-2020 biodiversity framework proceed, decision makers should strive to ensure that new or revised targets are effectively structured and clearly worded to allow the translation of targets into actionable policies that can be successfully implemented nationally, regionally, and globally. 相似文献
110.
《Advanced Sustainable Systems》2018,2(2)
Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a well‐developed field of materials, having a high potential for various applications such as gas storage, water purification, and catalysis. Despite the continuous discoveries of new MOFs, so far there are only a limited number of industrial applications, partially due to their low chemical stability and limited mechanical properties, as well as difficulties in integration within functional devices, Herein, a new approach is presented toward the fabrication of MOF‐based devices, utilizing direct 3D printing. By this method, 3D, flexible, and hydrolytically stable MOF‐embedded polymeric structures are fabricated. It is found that the adsorption capacity of the 3D‐printed MOF is retained, with significantly improved hydrolytic stability of the printed MOFs (copper benzene‐1,3,5‐tricarboxylate) compared to the MOF only. It is expected that applying 3D printing technologies, for the fabrication of functional MOF objects such as filters and matrices for columns and flow reactors, will open the way for utilization of this important class of materials. 相似文献