Urban ecological risk assessment management platform

Due to rapid socioeconomic development in recent years, the influence of human activities on the urban ecosystem and environment is becoming more pronounced, causing increases in accumulated pollutants, resource consumption, and built-up land area. At this time, cities are facing complex ecological threats. We designed a platform to classify and assess the various types of ecological risks that cities and urban agglomerations may encounter. We used PHP to develop a web-based application, with nginx as the platform server, and MySQL to manage the background database. The platform provides users with a clearly structured, visual platform to manage ecological risk. By using this platform, users can quickly identify regional risk sources, find and describe risk factors, and predict possible consequences caused by these risks based on simulation modeling. The forecasting model and database can be synchronously updated and adjusted according to the actual situation. The visual web management platform and user security login system employ the MD5 encryption algorithm. The platform is designed to provide convenient, accurate, and scientific decision-making services for urban planning, construction, environmental protection, and other related areas.     

基于DCSM模型的成都市河流水环境承载力综合评价

根据水污染流动"源头-转化-汇入"过程,综合衡量工业、农业、生活源污染排放对成都市主要河流的环境影响,提出"驱动力D （人口、社会经济发展）-承载源C （工业、农业、生活源污染排放）-承载状态S （污染程度）-管理M （治理污染投资）"4个子系统的DCSM模型,构建包含3层结构26个指标的成都市河流水环境承载力综合评价指标体系.采用投影寻踪模型得到各指标的影响程度,进一步建立区域水环境承载力各评价指标权重,根据最佳投影方向确定成都市主要河流2014—2018年的水环境承载力综合评价特征值,并得到相应评价等级.研究结果表明：影响程度最大的3项指标依次为：工业源COD排放强度、国考断面地表水TP平均浓度、环保投资占GDP的比重;通过对各个指标的权重分析,表明承载状态子系统和承载源子系统对综合评价结果所起作用最为显著,其次是管理子系统,驱动力子系统作用最小;通过评价等级分析,结果表明：2014—2018年成都市河流水环境承载力综合评价指数逐渐增加,评价等级从Ⅲ级（一般,2014—2016年）转变为Ⅱ级（较强,2017—2018年）,说明5年来成都市河流水环境承载力逐步增加.研究表明了基于DCSM模型的成都市河流水环境承载力综合评价结果具有实用性和可行性,可以为城市河流水环境承载力综合评价提供新的研究思路,为水环境规划与管理的科学决策提供依据.     

Digital data sources and methods for conservation culturomics

Ongoing loss of biological diversity is primarily the result of unsustainable human behavior. Thus, the long-term success of biodiversity conservation depends on a thorough understanding of human–nature interactions. Such interactions are ubiquitous but vary greatly in time and space and are difficult to monitor efficiently at large spatial scales. However, the Information Age also provides new opportunities to better understand human–nature interactions because many aspects of daily life are recorded in a variety of digital formats. The emerging field of conservation culturomics aims to take advantage of digital data sources and methods to study human–nature interactions and thus to provide new tools for studying conservation at relevant temporal and spatial scales. Nevertheless, technical challenges associated with the identification, access, and analysis of relevant data hamper the wider adoption of culturomics methods. To help overcome these barriers, we propose a conservation culturomics research framework that addresses data acquisition, analysis, and inherent biases. The main sources of culturomic data include web pages, social media, and other digital platforms from which metrics of content and engagement can be obtained. Obtaining raw data from these platforms is usually desirable but requires careful consideration of how to access, store, and prepare the data for analysis. Methods for data analysis include network approaches to explore connections between topics, time-series analysis for temporal data, and spatial modeling to highlight spatial patterns. Outstanding challenges associated with culturomics research include issues of interdisciplinarity, ethics, data biases, and validation. The practical guidance we offer will help conservation researchers and practitioners identify and obtain the necessary data and carry out appropriate analyses for their specific questions, thus facilitating the wider adoption of culturomics approaches for conservation applications.     

面向管理决策的标准化流域水环境模型评估验证技术框架研究

不规范的流域水环境模型应用增加了决策风险。从过程管理的角度来看,我国尚未针对流域水环境模型的评估与验证建立标准化的技术流程,模型标准化应用水平较低。在总结已有研究成果以及先进管理经验的基础上,本文构建了标准化的流域水环境模型评估验证技术框架,提出了对应用于流域水环境管理决策的模型开展评估验证的基本原则、工作流程和技术要求,并通过案例研究验证了技术框架的可行性。技术框架引入了结构合理性评估、参数识别与灵敏度分析、模拟效果评估、不确定性分析等模型评估验证的关键技术,结合不同的模型类型、决策功能等特征给出了原则性的技术要求和应用建议。研究成果充分考虑了我国的环境管理需求,与现阶段环境模拟技术要求、环境监测能力和数据条件相适应,在理论探讨和技术实现层面具备明确的可行性,将促进我国流域水环境模型的规范化、标准化和本地化应用。     

企业生产安全事故应急救援预案编制技术的研究

企业编制生产安全事故应急救援预案是企业建立生产安全事故应急管理体系的基础工作,对于企业提高生产安全事故应急救援能力,降低企业生产安全事故损失具有重大意义。笔者在对广州发展油品经营有限公司南沙油库事故应急救援预案编制技术的研究基础上,进一步阐述了企业生产安全事故应急管理体系结构,指出了企业生产安全事故应急救援预案编制的总体思路,并从企业生产安全事故应急救援预案编制的技术层面,论述了企业生产安全事故应急救援预案的体系框架及文件要素,指出企业生产安全事故应急救援预案的体系框架可以由总预案和程序文件体系两大部分组成,文件要素可以由2个一级要素、18个二级要素和2 8个三级要素组成。笔者论述的企业生产安全事故应急救援预案编制技术已经在广东省数百家企业得到宣传应用,取得了良好的社会效益。     

The Use of an Ecologic Classification to Improve Water Resource Planning in New Zealand

The Resource Management Act (RMA) legislates the management of most natural resources in New Zealand. The RMA invokes ecosystem-based management by requiring that regulation be based on managing the effects of resource according to “the life supporting capacity” of the environment. The management of water resources under the RMA is carried out at the regional level by regional councils. Regional councils can develop regional water plans to establish objectives and criteria for water management. Regional water planning under the RMA has been problematic, and regional plan objectives developed under the RMA have been criticized as too broad and not sufficiently quantified. As a consequence, many resource users are unconvinced of the need for the regulatory criteria promulgated by plans, whereas other groups are concerned that the environment is inadequately protected. This article proposes that a lack of ecologically relevant management units has prevented regional water plans from fulfilling their intended function under the RMA. Then it introduces the use of River Environment Classification as a means of defining units for assessment and management, and provides three case studies that demonstrate its potential to support regional water management planning. The discussion shows that the specificity of regional assessments can be increased if ecologic variation is stratified into distinctive units (i.e., units within which variation in the characteristics of interest is reduced) as part of the assessment process. The increased specificity of the assessments increases the possibility that regional objectives and criteria for water management can be derived that are quantitative and justifiable and that provide certainty for stakeholders. The authors conclude that greater choice and meaning can be generated in regional planning processes if regional variation in ecologic characteristics is stratified using a classification, and if classes are used as units for assessment and management.     

Benchmark Criteria: A Tool for Selecting Appropriate Models in the Field of Water Management

A milestone in the field of European water protection policy is the European Union’s Water Framework Directive (WFD), which came into force in December 2000 and which integrates the management of European waters in many ways. In this study, we start by focusing on management issues connected to the implementation of the WFD and pose a question: “what type of models would be the most suitable for use in the context of the WFD?” With this question in mind, we aim to establish a set of operational and functional selection criteria for (computer) models whose application is intended to support decision-making related to a particular water management issue. These so-called “benchmark criteria” should help water managers and other model users in choosing appropriate models, e.g., for the WFD implementation purposes. We first describe models and their use in general and then propose an approach for setting the benchmark criteria for models, basing it on the concept of uncertainty management, while keeping firmly in mind the important role of citizens and citizen organizations in water management. The suggested benchmark criteria are in the form of 14 questions through which each model can be evaluated. Finally, the process for testing and refining the benchmark criteria is highlighted.     

矿山企业安全管理新体制的建立与实践

结合金川二矿区安全管理新体制的运行实践 ,介绍了二矿区构建新体制的历史背景 ;概括了推行新型运行体制的成功经验 ;回顾了新体制建设的基本做法 ;论述了安全管理新体制的基本框架和运作模式。从二矿区管理体系建设的角度 ,对安全执法体系和守法体系建设进行了探讨 ,并对如何抓好新体制的推行提出了四点启示 ,这些成功的经验、基本做法、建设性思考 ,对做好企业安全管理都具有重要的借鉴和指导意义     

Application of the DPSIR framework to environmental degradation assessment in northern Ghana

In many communities in northern Ghana, the environment has been altered by complex natural and human driven forces with significant impact on the lives of their inhabitants. The need to formulate an improved, holistic and consistent methodological approach to assess the problem is critical for sustainable natural resource management. This paper examines the potential of the DPSIR environmental assessment framework utilizing GIS‐based participatory methodology in the assessment of environmental degradation in northern Ghana. Community truthing tools such as key informant interviews, focus group discussions, participant observation and participatory Geographical Information Systems (GIS) were employed as a means of soliciting societal responses integrated to conventional GIS spatial analysis to measure the indicators of the Driving force–Pressure–State–Impacts–Response (DPSIR) assessment framework. Post classification GIS imagery results show a marked natural vegetation decrease of 634 km2 (42%) of the study area with a corresponding increase of 600 km² (39%) of grasses and built‐up and barren environment in the period of 14 years from 1990 to 2004. This is attributed to extreme climatic conditions and human driven causes such as poverty, population growth, migration and land tenure system. Poverty reduction strategies, amendment of the Mining and Mineral Law (PNDC law 153), improvement of the existing land tenure system and the control of migrants and Fulani herdsmen from neighbouring Burkina Faso were some of the solutions selected by the research participants, to be emphasized in the National Environmental Action Plan (EPA Act 490). This paper concludes that the DPSIR environmental assessment framework is an effective means of organizing complex environmental information to facilitate policy decision making.     

生态系统方法及其在生态环境管理中的应用

生态系统方法是自然保护与生态环境管理中的新思想,并被《生物多样性公约》各缔约国所广泛接受。生态系统方法的研究目前处于初期阶段,尚无一致的定义。在对生态系统的系统性和非线性特征分析的基础上,本文简述了生态系统方法在生态环境管理和调控中的必然性。通过两种典型概念的阐释,对生态系统方法的内涵与原则进行了综述和分析。由于其综合性以及对社会和生态的协同考虑,生态系统方法得到了广泛的应用,尤其是在物种多样性保护、水生态及水资源、渔业和森林等领域。在生态系统方法的分析框架上,视研究对象和目的的不同而异,其中生态系统方法的“菱形示意图”更为综合和概况。在目前的生态系统方法研究和实践中,尚存在几个关键问题亟需解决,主要包括：系统的界定、不确定性、与其他方法的冲突和重合、不同结构的协作以及相关研究方法。