西苕溪流域地表水与地下水相互作用特征!

为探寻西苕溪地表、地下水体的来源和补排关系,对西苕溪流域丰水期和平水期的地表、地下水进行了氢氧同位素(δD和δ18O)组成分析,并结合水体的水化学参数,推断其来源和补排关系。结果表明:西苕溪流域地表、地下水体主要接受降雨补给,在上游山区中的泉水运移过程较为缓慢,上游地表水与地下水补排关系不明显;中游丘陵地区地表、地下水体相互联系紧密,具体补排关系为3号、4号、6号样点处地表水接受地下水补给,其余样点处为地表水补给地下水;下游农田密集区地下水接受河水补给较少。     

异味污染评价与治理研究进展

本文对国内外异味污染评价技术,包括异味污染评价指标、采样技术和测定方法、异味污染预测模型以及异味间相互作用进行了综述,同时对异味污染治理技术进行了简要介绍.     

烃基酚类化合物结构与毒性关系研究

有机化合物通常由电性各异的氢、碳、氮、氧、硫及卤素等原子以共价键结合而成,从分子的三维空间结构出发,按照不同类型原子之间电性相互作用得到一种分子结构表达方法--三维分子电性相互作用矢量(three dimensional molecular electronegativity interaction vector,3D...     

The role of water in the information exchange between the components of an ecosystem

Living organisms and ecosystems have been shown to be sensitive to very weak signals originating very far away. The dynamics governing these phenomena is discussed in the framework of Quantum Field Theory. This phenomenon gives an indication on the dynamics responsible for the exchange of information in ecosystems. The peculiar role of coherent water is stressed. It is shown that energy is able to travel in a coherent medium in form of solitons, without any losses.     

多效应残差法(MERA)表征二甲亚砜-农药二元混合物毒性相互作用

采用直接均分射线设计(EquRay)构建二甲亚砜(DMSO)分别与3种常用农药乐果(DIM)、敌敌畏(DIC)和甲霜灵(MET)的二元混合物,应用微板毒性分析(MTA)测试单个物质及混合物对青海弧菌Q67(Vibrio qinghaiensis sp.-Q67)的发光抑制毒性.以浓度加和(concentration addition,CA)模型检测混合物的毒性相互作用,提出并应用多效应残差法(multi-effectresidual analysis,MERA)定量表征DMSO-农药二元混合物实验观测毒性相对于CA模型预测结果的偏离程度,即毒性相互作用强度.表征结果显示3组DMSO-农药二元混合物的毒性相互作用以拮抗作用为主,最强拮抗作用在-23%～-15%之间,发生拮抗作用的浓度范围及拮抗作用强度受混合物组成、组分浓度比和效应水平等因素的影响.综合分析比较MERA与传统等效线图及扩展毒性单位和对3组二元混合物的表征结果发现,MERA从生物效应角度表征毒性相互作用强度,受到混合物组成和效应水平的限制较少,适用于分析具有复杂相互作用的二元混合物.     

The role of organic and inorganic substituents of roxarsone determines its binding behavior and mechanisms onto nano-ferrihydrite colloidal particles

The retention and fate of Roxarsone (ROX) onto typical reactive soil minerals were crucial for evaluating its potential environmental risk. However, the behavior and molecular-level reaction mechanism of ROX and its substituents with iron (hydr)oxides remains unclear. Herein, the binding behavior of ROX on ferrihydrite (Fh) was investigated through batch experiments and in-situ ATR-FTIR techniques. Our results demonstrated that Fh is an effective geo-sorbent for the retention of ROX. The pseudo-second-order kinetic and the Langmuir model successfully described the sorption process. The driving force for the binding of ROX on Fh was ascribed to the chemical adsorption, and the rate-limiting step is simultaneously dominated by intraparticle and film diffusion. Isotherms results revealed that the sorption of ROX onto Fh appeared in uniformly distributed monolayer adsorption sites. The two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy and XPS results implied that the nitro, hydroxyl, and arsenate moiety of ROX molecules have participated in binding ROX onto Fh, signifying that the predominated mechanisms were attributed to the hydrogen bonding and surface complexation. Our results can help to better understand the ROX-mineral interactions at the molecular level and lay the foundation for exploring the degradation, transformation, and remediation technologies of ROX and structural analog pollutants in the environment.     

Shape dependence of support for NOx storage and reduction catalysts

Pt/BaO/Al_2O_3 catalysts with different BaO loadings prepared from Al_2O_3 nanorods(Pt/BaO/Al_2O_3-nr) and irregular Al_2O_3 nanoparticles(Pt/BaO/Al_2O_3-np) were investigated for NOx storage and reduction(NSR). The Pt/BaO/Al_2O_3 materials derived from Al_2O_3 nanorods always exhibited much higher NOx storage capacity(NSC) over the whole temperature range of 100–400°C than the corresponding Pt/BaO/Al_2O_3-np samples containing the same BaO loading, giving the maximum NSC value of 966.9 μmol/gcatat 400°C, 1.4 times higher than that of Pt/BaO/Al_2O_3-np. Higher catalytic performance of nanorod-supported NSR samples was also observed during lean-rich cyclic conditions(90 sec vs. 5 sec), giving more than 98% NOx conversion at 300–450°C over the Pt/BaO/Al_2O_3-nr sample with 15% BaO loading. To reveal this dependence on the shape of the support during the NSR process, a series of characterization techniques including the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET) method,X-ray diffraction(XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS), H_2 temperature programmed reduction(H2-TPR), and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy(DRIFTS) were also conducted. It was found that intimate contact of Ba–Al and Ba–Pt sites was achieved over the Pt/BaO/Al_2O_3 surface when using Al_2O_3-nr as a support.This strong interaction among the multi-components of Pt/BaO/Al_2O_3-nr thus triggered the formation of surface nitrite and nitrate during the lean period, and also accelerated the reverse spillover of ad-NOxspecies onto the Pt surface, enhancing their reduction and leading to high NSR performance.     

黄河流域城市群与产业转型发展

黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展是国家重大战略之一。城市群和产业转型发展是实现黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展的内在要求和根本保障,揭示流域尺度城市群发展与产业转型升级的路径对指导黄河流域高质量发展意义重大。为此,本文聚焦“城市群和产业转型发展”,联合来自中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所、中国社会科学院生态文明研究所、黄河水利科学研究院、首都经济贸易大学、北京大学、河南大学等单位的专家学者,从生态保护、资源配置、动态演化、空间结构、整合调控等视角,探讨黄河流域城市群与产业转型发展的重要议题,以求服务于黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展的国家重大战略实施。核心观点如下：识别水资源、城市群和产业发展的关系是促进产业转型和城市转型协同、经济转型和社会转型并进的关键;分析流域生态保护和高质量发展复杂耦合与动力演化机制对于实现流域高质量发展意义重大;揭示黄河流域典型城市群和产业空间演变机理,构建城市群与产业转型发展空间一体化目标与模式,是促进黄河流域的高质量发展的有效途径;在全球化和能源革命导致贸易不确定性增加、社会经济与生态环境关系复杂、“双循环”的新发展格局构建背景下,黄河流域“城市群和产业转型发展”亟需更全面的整合调控机制。     

川藏公路南线然乌-鲁朗段工程地质分区

川藏公路南线然乌-鲁朗段工程地质条件极差,致使该地区各种地质灾害十分严重.采用岩石工程系统(RES)方法对川藏公路南线然乌-鲁朗段进行了半定量的工程地质分区.首先,通过现场调查,根据地质灾害特点、工程地质条件和实践经验,对川藏公路南线然乌-鲁朗段进行了初步工程地质分区.然后在多因素相互作用关系矩阵基础上,定义了工程地质条件评价因子(EGAF),根据EGAF,对每个亚区的工程地质条件进行了半定量的评价,验证了初步工程地质分区的正确性.最后,将研究区分成了3个区和9个亚区,并绘制了相应的工程地质分区图.     

地铁隧道地震反应数值模拟与试验的对比分析

根据可液化土层上土-地铁隧道结构动力相互作用大型振动台模型试验结果，以软件ABAQUS为平台，将地基土-地铁隧道结构体系视为平面应变问题，采用记忆型嵌套面粘塑性动力本构模型和动塑性损伤模型分别模拟土体和隧道结构混凝土的动力特性，建立了土-地铁区间隧道非线性动力相互作用的有限元分析模型。对各种试验工况下地基土-地铁隧道结构体系的地震反应进行了数值模拟，并与试验结果进行了对比。结果表明：数值模拟与振动台模型试验结果基本一致，呈现出相似的规律性，相互验证了基于ABAQUS软件的力学建模和振动台试验结果的正确性。