航炮炮舱结构的炮振响应分析

目的获得航炮发射时炮舱结构的动响应。方法依据火炮发射原理,使用化学爆炸模拟炮口冲击波,建立航炮发射时炮口冲击载荷的表达模型。利用ALE方法处理高压流动空气与炮舱表面的流固耦合问题,通过数值计算获得发射气流冲击载荷作用下炮舱结构的表面压力分布与动响应。利用试验结果,修正载荷与炮舱模型的有关参数。结果计算得到的炮舱动响应与试验结果相比较,误差在可接受范围内。结论建立了一种使用化爆模拟冲击波进行航炮炮舱结构炮振响应仿真计算的技术方法,初步确定了结构危险部位,为后续炮舱结构减振设计创造了条件。     

基于航班运行规律的典型机场NOx浓度临近预测方法研究

针对天津机场区域考虑航班运行影响,应用广义加性模型（Generalized Additive Model,GAM）建立污染物浓度预测模型,对因子间的共线性问题和交互作用进行改进,得到最优的NO_x浓度预测模型.选取天津机场区域2019年11月—2020年3月环境、气象及航班数据,建立改进的GAM.结果显示：（1）改进的GAM预测效果优,可以更加准确地预测浓度峰值及变化趋势;（2）样本量会影响模型选择的因子数量及模型性能;（3）改进模型adj-R²为0.940,实测和预测NO_x浓度的相关系数为0.975,预测效果好;（4）航班活动对机场区域污染物浓度影响较大.改进的GAM考虑污染物浓度与影响因子之间的复杂非线性关系及影响因子之间交互作用对污染物浓度变化的影响,使模型精度进一步提升. GAM对污染物浓度的准确预测可为机场区域污染防治提供依据.     

Designing a knowledge co-production operating space for urban environmental governance—Lessons from Rotterdam,Netherlands and Berlin,Germany

Challenges for a sustainable urban development are increasingly important in cities because urbanization and related land take come up with negative challenges for the environment and for city residents. Searching for successful solutions to environmental problems requires combined efforts of different scientific disciplines and an active dialogue between stakeholders from policy and society. In this paper, we present a comparative assessment of the way policy-science dialogues have achieved knowledge co-production about strategic urban environmental governance action using the cities of Berlin in Germany and Rotterdam in the Netherlands as case studies. The ecosystem services framework is applied as a lens for policy–science interaction and a ‘knowledge co-production operating space’ is introduced. We show how policy officers, urban planners, practitioners and scientists learned from each other, and highlight the impact of this knowledge co-production for governance practice. We found that the concerted collaboration and co-creation between researchers and policy officers have led to mutual learning and establishment of relationships and trust in both cities. Not only the policy-relevance of research and its policy uptake were achieved but also new insights for research blind spots were created. In our conclusions we reflect on co-production processes with two types of conditions that we introduced to be most influential in the way knowledge can be co-created. These are conditions that relate to the way knowledge co-production processes are set-up and, conditions that relate to the expected value or benefit that the co-produced knowledge will bring across society, policy and practice.     

喷淋与火羽流相互作用的数值模拟

采用CFD软件FDS,对小室木垛火灾在喷淋情况下火羽流与喷淋的相互作用进行了数值模拟分析,重点比较了喷淋压力分别为0.05 MPa、0.1 MPa、0.2 MPa和无喷淋情况下木垛火源热释放速率的变化以及火羽流附近几个关键点的温度变化.结果表明,对于热释放速率为0.5 MW的木垛火源,压力为0.05 MPa和0.1 MPa的喷淋液滴无法穿透火羽流到达火源,对热释放速率影响很小;而压力为0.2 MPa的喷淋液滴则可穿透火羽流.在火源中心线竖向高度上,存在着喷淋与羽流相互作用的临界面.在临界面以上,温度沿竖向高度降低,喷淋动量大于羽流动量; 在临界面以下,温度沿竖向高度升高,羽流动量大于喷淋动量.在火源邻近位置的不同竖向高度上,存在着温度转折点.在转折点以下,温度沿竖向高度几乎不变或变化很小;在转折点以上,温度沿竖向高度升高.     

GIS与SDM集成构建土地定级专家信息系统的研究

提出将GIS与SDM技术集成应用于土地定级信息系统建设,介绍了GIS与SDM集成的基本框架。设计开发了一个基于GIS和SDM技术的土地定级专家信息系统,系统采用决策树方法作为数据挖掘方法的基本算法,通过决策树训练与学习相结合挖掘土地定级规则,运用专家系统推力技术进行匹配推理实现土地定级工作。结合武汉市商业用地类型土地定级实例数据对系统性能进行了验证。结果表明,系统具有良好的移植性、复用性、扩展性和广泛适应性的特点,运用此技术能较好地解决土地定级这种具有半结构和非结构化特点的问题。     

中缅油气管道安顺—贵阳段地质灾害类型及其成因分析

为了弄清中缅油气管道安顺—贵阳段沿线地质灾害的情况,通过野外实地地质考察,获得了安顺—贵阳段地质灾害有关数据,共发现灾害点34处,其中崩塌17处、不稳定斜坡4处、滑坡3处、地面沉陷10处,且以崩塌和地面沉陷为主;通过对诱发地质灾害的各种因素(地貌、地形坡度、水-岩相互作用、地震活动以及人类工程活动)进行分析,初步认定管道沿线的地质灾害的成因机制其实质是水-岩作用。该研究可为后期该类地质灾害的防治提供依据。     

金属营养元素与蓝藻的相互作用研究进展

水体富营养化所引起的蓝藻水华对自然环境及人类社会产生诸多不良影响,通过控制并降低水体中营养物质的浓度相对于其他措施更能有效地降低蓝藻水华的发生程度。在此以金属营养元素为重点,讨论了金属营养元素在蓝藻新陈代谢过程中的作用,综述了蓝藻与金属营养元素间相互作用:蓝藻可改变水体中金属营养元素的含量和分布,而金属营养元素的种类及含量变化也可影响到蓝藻的数量、种类与分布。调研了国内地表水体中金属营养元素的监控现状,建议政府部门加强金属营养元素的监控,以期为蓝藻的监控预警及重金属污染治理等工作开拓新的思路。     

When is female leadership an advantage? Coordination requirements,team cohesion,and team interaction norms

This study seeks to understand to what extent and in what contexts women leaders may be advantageous for teams. More specifically, this study examines how team leader gender relates to team cohesion, cooperative learning, and participative communication. Furthermore, the study argues that advantages derived from female leadership may be contingent on teams' coordination requirements. I propose that as teams' coordination requirements increase (i.e., with functional diversity, size, and geographic dispersion), teams with women leaders report more cohesion and more cooperative and participative interaction norms than those with men leaders. I aggregated survey responses from the members of 82 teams in 29 organizations at the team level. Findings from hierarchical linear modeling analyses suggest that female leadership is more positively associated with cohesion on larger and more functionally diverse teams and more positively associated with cooperative learning and participative communication on larger and geographically dispersed teams. These results call for more research on boundary conditions on the relationship between leader gender and team outcomes, on the role of relational leadership on complex and diverse teams and, ultimately, on the potential mediating role of cohesion and team interaction norms on the relationship between leader gender and team performance. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于CFX-ANSYS流固耦合的新型带支撑泥石流拦挡坝抗冲击性能分析

在常规的重力式泥石流拦挡坝基础上,提出了一种带钢支撑的钢-砼组合式拦挡结构.采用流固耦合分析方法,将CFX与ANSYS相结合,在Workbench运行环境下,对常规的重力坝与新型的带支撑拦挡坝进行了数值模拟计算及对比分析,探究了支撑布置范围、支撑高度、支撑间距等对结构极限抗冲击承载力的影响及其规律,验证了新型结构的优越性.计算分析过程中,特别引入了水利水电工程拱坝设计中的柔度系数C作为关键参数.结果表明:随着柔度系数C的增大,支撑对坝体极限抗冲击承载力的提高作用愈加显著,而常规坝体的极限抗冲击承载力随之降低,坝体设计中应充分考虑结构柔度的影响;应采用满布且高度接近坝高的支撑,同时,支撑间距不应过大,以2.0m为宜;坝体柔度系数C以14.0～21.0为宜,此时带支撑坝体的极限抗冲击承载力增幅可达10％ ～ 25％,支撑的加强效果较为可观,但柔度系数过大(C≥24.0)或过小(C≤12.0)均会显著降低支撑对坝体的加强作用,在工程应用中应根据实际情况判断是否设置支撑.