Short-term Model of the Production of Construction Aggregates in Taiwan Based on Artificial Neural Networks

BACKGROUND: Taiwan's geography and limited stock of sandstone have caused sandstone resources to gradually decline to the point of exhaustion after long-term excavation. Moreover, the Taiwanese government has continuously increased the amount of land area near rivers that cannot be excavated to facilitate riverbed remediation and promote conservation of water resources. Accordingly, predicting and managing the annual production of construction aggregates in future construction projects, and dealing appropriately with some thorny problems, for instance, demand that excess supply, excessive excavation, unregulated excavation, and the consequent environmental damage, will significantly affect the efficient use of natural resources in a manner that accords with the national policy of Sustainable Development (SD). METHODS:. This study establishes an empirical model for forecasting the annual production of future construction aggregates using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), based on 15 relevant socio-economic indicators, such as indicator of annual consumption of cement. A sensitivity analysis is then performed on these indicators. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: This work applies ANN to estimate the annual production of construction aggregates; the estimates, the verification of the model and the sensitivity analysis are all acceptable. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis results indicate that the annual consumption of cement is the indicator that most strongly influences the production of construction aggregates, as well as whether construction waste can be recycled and steel structures can be used in buildings, helping to reduce the future production of construction aggregates in Taiwan. CONCLUSIONS: The elaborate prediction methodology presented in this study avoids some of the weaknesses or limitations of conventional linear statistics, linear programming or system dynamics. Additionally, the results not only provide a short-term prediction of the production of construction aggregates in Taiwan, but also provide a viable and flexible means of verifying quality certification of the production data of construction aggregates in the future by incorporating those relevant socio-economic indicators. RECOMMENDATIONS AND OUTLOOK: The continuity and quality of the database of relevant indicators used in this study should be closely scrutinized in order to ensure the SD means of exploiting resources.     

山西省稷山和永济两地矮牡丹体内无机元素含量的比较

采用原子吸收分光光度法和比色法测定了山西省稷山和永济两地区矮牡丹体内和生境土壤中的10种元素(K、Mg、Mn、Fe、Ni、Zn、Cu、Cd、Cr、Pb),分析比较了各种元素在不同地区矮牡丹体内和生境土壤中的分布规律及不同地区矮牡丹对无机元素的吸收富集能力.结果表明,两地区矮牡丹体内和生境土壤中无机元素含量无显著性差异;土壤及植株不同器官间元素含量也无显著性差异;两地区矮牡丹对不同元素的富集系数有显著差异,差异主要表现在对Cd(永济0.457,稷山0.213)和Ni(永济0.093,稷山0.167)的富集上,植株不同器官之间的富集系数无显著差异.表4参9     

Spatial and Seasonal Variations of Water Quality in a Mediterranean Catchment: The Llobregat River (NE Spain)

The Llobregat and Ter Rivers, typical Mediterranean catchments in Northeast Spain, supply water to more than 4.5 million inhabitants residing in the metropolitan area of Barcelona. The objective of this work is to study the factors that influence the surface water quality of Llobregat catchment. As such, spatial and temporal variations of more 50 water chemical parameters were monitored in 10 sampling sites for a period that extended from July 1996 to December 2000. The temperature, pH and conductivity were measured at sites, whereas metals were analysed using ICP-OES and ICP-MS instrumental techniques. The head waters of the Llobregat River catchment flow through detrital Mesozoic-Cenozoic sedimentary rocks resulting in calcium bicarbonate-type water with low mineral content. The high water quality of the waterhead is deteriorated in the upper-middle part of the catchment due to: occurrence of evaporite-bearing geological formations, and the mining and industrial activities related to potash exploitation. As a result, an obvious increase in Na, K, Mg, Cl-, Br, Rb, and Sr concentrations is reported leading to a sodium (potassium) chloride water type. This saline hydrochemical fingerprint persists downstream. This important feature renders the low water quality of the Llobregat River to be adequate for drinking supply purposes. In addition, the industrial and residential activities, specially at the lower part of the catchment, increases P, B, Mn, Fe, Pb, Al, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As and Sb water concentrations.     

达拉布特型碱性花岗岩源岩特征初步探讨──来自稳定同位素和微量元素的证据

根据稳定同位素组成特点和微量元素组成及岩石形成演化的分析，对达拉布特型碱性花岗岩的源岩进行了初步探讨。指出其源岩具有混源特点：同时存在地幔物质和上地壳物质。结合岩石化学组成特点，源岩的化学组成可能与含基性、中基性火山岩的麻粒岩相岩石相似。     

个旧锡矿成矿热液活动的微量元素地球化学指示

通过对不同地质体中微量元素含量对比及因子分析 ,明确成矿热液活动元素 ,区分不同地球化学类型的元素集群。研究表明 ,成矿热液活动源于花岗岩岩浆侵位 ,花岗岩浆期后热液及地下水在岩体热力驱动下构成了一个系统的矿化热液活动体系 ,对区内地层产生广泛的蚀变影响 ,形成矿体、热液活动脉体及矿化热液活动元素对围岩地层的改造。成矿热液活动体系为开放系统 ,运动方式以构造断裂导流为主 ,孔隙渗透为次。     

植物吸收环境中金属元素的动力学模型

植物吸收金属元素的过程主要是一个主动吸收过程。目前用离子载体学说解释离子主动吸收过程已经得到了广泛的认同 ;而且各种各样的酶参与了植物主动吸收金属离子的过程。本文对利用酶促反应动力学描述植物吸收环境中金属元素这一现象的可行性及应用现状作了讨论。     

用特征有限无法预测大运河对某市潜水污染的影响

用特征有限元法预测了在井群开采条件下大运河水对某市潜水污染的影响，计算了直到２０２０年的污染物相对浓度的分布．该方法数值弥散和数值振荡较小，有相当的实用价值．     

贵金属氧化物阳极电解处理乙醇模拟废水的研究

采用热分解法在钛基体上制备了5种电极，并分别对乙醇模拟废水进行电解以降低COD值，研究了电极中SnO2含量对降低乙醇模拟有机废水COD的影响，并探讨了其机理。     

板料冲压成形和回弹分析过程的三维动态模拟

利用ANSYS/LS DYNA非线性动力有限元程序的显式 隐式连续求解功能 ,模拟了板料成形过程与卸载后板料回弹变形的全过程 ,得到了成形过程中任一时刻各处的应力和应变值及卸载后板料的回弹结果     

天然水体底质中Mn元素含量采样和分析质量控制研究

利用采样和分析全程质量控制程序(SAX),对于吉林省内7个天然水体底质中Mn元素的采样和分析过程进行了质量控制(QC)实例研究.实验采用了平行采样平行分析的设计方案,并进行了空白实验、重复测定和加标回收率的测定.然后利用稳健方差分析(Robust ANOVA)计算了采样分析全过程中的地理方差、采样方差和分析方差,并对整个质控过程按照适目的性原则进行了评价.通过本文的研究以及其他工作成果,可知评价中采用的比例限值标准在一般意义下的SAX过程中是行之有效的.但是,也应注意到该限值标准不是绝对的,在具体的实验设计中需要考虑多方面因素.