基于面板数据的土地投入对经济增长的影响-以浙江省为例

采用生产函数与面板数据回归模型相结合的研究手段，以地处经济发达地区的浙江省为实证研究区域对土地要素投入对经济增长的影响进行了定量的研究。研究结果表明：(1)就规模效应而言，浙江省的经济增长处于规模报酬不变的发展阶段；(2)浙江省经济增长对劳动力要素的投入最为敏感，其中土地要素、劳动力要素和资本要素增加1个单位的投入量对经济增长的推动为 0.247 3、0.538 5 和 0.321 6；（3）固定资产投入在研究期间是浙江省经济增长的主要推动力，其贡献率达到6823%，而劳动力要素与土地要素则分别为2346%和625%；(4)浙江省土地利用不够集约，在研究期间土地要素对经济增长的影响能被资本要素与劳动力要素有效替代，而劳动力要素则难以被资本投入与土地投入有效替代，劳动集约型产业应该成为浙江省未来发展方向之一。     

Trace element partitioning in ashes from boilers firing pure wood or mixtures of solid waste with respect to fuel composition,chlorine content and temperature

Trace element partitioning in solid waste (household waste, industrial waste, waste wood chips and waste mixtures) incineration residues was investigated. Samples of fly ash and bottom ash were collected from six incineration facilities across Sweden including two grate fired and four fluidized bed incinerators, to have a variation in the input fuel composition (from pure biofuel to mixture of waste) and different temperature boiler conditions. As trace element concentrations in the input waste at the same facilities have already been analyzed, the present study focuses on the concentration of trace elements in the waste fuel, their distribution in the incineration residues with respect to chlorine content of waste and combustion temperature.Results indicate that Zn, Cu and Pb are dominating trace elements in the waste fuel. Highly volatile elements mercury and cadmium are mainly found in fly ash in all cases; 2/3 of lead also end up in fly ash while Zn, As and Sb show a large variation in distribution with most of them residing in the fly ash. Lithophilic elements such as copper and chromium are mainly found in bottom ash from grate fired facilities while partition mostly into fly ash from fluidized bed incinerators, especially for plants fuelled by waste wood or ordinary wood chips. There is no specific correlation between input concentration of an element in the waste fuel and fraction partitioned to fly ash. Temperature and chlorine content have significant effects on partitioning characteristics by increasing the formation and vaporization of highly volatile metal chlorides. Zinc and cadmium concentrations in fly ash increase with the incineration temperature.     

水下连接器试压帽结构动态仿真及密封性分析

为解决水下连接器现有力学模型过于简化，预紧力加载不够合理，密封性能分析结果不够准确的问题，基于ABAQUS有限元模拟提出了新的动态接触分析方法，针对水下连接器试压帽双头螺柱结构，探究了安装和试压工况中该结构形式的密封特性及其与等效拧紧力矩的非线性关联。研究结果表明:在塑性失效设计准则范围内，2种工况下密封环的Mises值最大为399.4 MPa；安装工况下，随预紧力的增加，密封环上、下锥面最大接触应力先增大后略微减小；1 145 Nm螺栓拧紧力矩可完成安装工况，并能在试压工况中保证各部件不被弹开；试压工况下，随试验内压的增加，密封环上锥面最大应力缓慢增加，下锥面最大接触应力几乎不变，最终2值近似相等约为850 MPa，密封宽度合理。     

油气管道盗孔接管修复结构强度分析

管道打孔现象作为第三方破坏的主要形式威胁着油气输送管道的安全运行。焊接接管是一种常见的管道盗孔修复补强方法,但焊接接管导致管道几何形状突变,破坏了原有的应力分布。建立管道盗孔接管修复结构的有限元模型,运用非线性有限元方法对管道在内压载荷作用下的应力分布进行了计算。研究结果表明:焊接接管导致了管道开孔附近区域局部应力集中,且随内压增加应力集中面积逐渐加大;最大应力点出现在管道开孔0o处(管道开孔内壁轴向位置);在保证焊接工艺的情况下,较小的接管管径、与管道主体壁厚相近的接管壁厚具有更好的修复效果。     

随机振动的描述及其试验与仿真

阐述了随机振动的描述方法,随机振动试验条件和相关参数的计算等。并结合实例,介绍了随机振动有限元仿真的流程及其工程意义,以便在深入了解随机振动原理的基础上,指导随机振动试验和有限元仿真的开展。     

Dynamic response and effect of apertures on explosion parameters of flameproof apparatus

Explosion parameters for closed flameproof apparatus are changed when apertures like gap (e.g. push button) and porous structures (breathing element) are introduced on the cover or wall of the flameproof enclosures. Similarly, an interconnecting tube between two enclosures, results in significant change in explosion parameters. It is observed that the maximum explosion pressure, maximum rate of pressure rise and severity index are higher for enclosures with apertures on cover or body than that of enclosures without apertures. In case of two interconnected identical enclosures, the explosion parameters are increased in the secondary enclosure and higher than that of primary enclosure and also of isolated enclosure.     

贵阳市秋、冬季PM_(2.5)中碳组分污染特征及来源分析

为研究贵阳市大气细粒子PM2.5中有机碳(OC)和元素碳(EC)的污染特征,于2013年10月14日至2013年12月25日,采集2个监测点位秋季和冬季的PM2.5样品,检测分析PM2.5中有机碳(OC)、元素碳(EC)的质量浓度。结果表明,秋季PM2.5中OC的平均浓度为14.9μg/m3,EC的平均浓度为2.31μg/m3;冬季PM2.5中OC的平均浓度为26.2μg/m3,EC的平均浓度为7.53μg/m3,呈冬季高、秋季低的季节变化特征。秋、冬季PM2.5中OC/EC的值均大于2,表明存在二次有机碳(SOC)的贡献;秋季SOC的值为6.89μg/m3,冬季SOC的值为8.29μg/m3。通过计算PM2.5中8个碳组分丰度,初步判断PM2.5中秋季碳的主要来源是汽车尾气、道路扬尘和生物质燃烧,冬季碳的主要来源是汽车尾气、燃煤尘和道路扬尘。     

Assessment of potential soybean cadmium excluder cultivars at different concentrations of Cd in soils

The selection of cadmium-excluding cultivars has been used to minimize the transfer of cadmium into the human food chain. In this experiment, five Chinese soybean plants were grown in three soils with different concentrations of Cd (0.15, 0.75 and 1.12 mg/kg). Variations in uptake, enrichment, and translocation of Cd among these soybean cultivars were studied. The results indicated that the concentration of Cd in seeds that grew at 1.12 mg/kg Cd in soils exceeded the permitted maximum levels in soybeans. Therefore, our results indicated that even some soybean cultivars grown on soils with permitted levels of Cd might accumulate higher concentrations of Cd in seeds that are hazardous to human health. The seeds of these five cultivars were further assessed for interactions between Cd and other mineral nutrient elements such as Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn and Zn. High Cd concentration in soil was found to inhibit the uptake of Mn. Furthermore, Fe and Zn accumulations were found to be enhanced in the seeds of all of the five soybean cultivars in response to high Cd concentration. Cultivar Tiefeng 31 was found to fit the criteria for a Cd-excluding cultivar under different concentrations of Cd in soils.     

昆山市大气 PM 2．5中无机元素污染特征研究

应用SEM－EDS结合XRF法测定了2013年8月－2014年5月昆山市7个不同地区大气PM2．5中无机元素的污染水平。研究发现,昆山地区一共可检出40种无机元素,其中主要的22种元素浓度范围在3.02～1113 ng／m3之间,合计为3784 ng／m3;PM2．5中无机元素季节变化明显,呈现春秋季高,夏冬季低的变化特点。无机元素的空间变化不大。通过富集因子的研究,Sc、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Br、Cd、Pb、Se、Ag、Sn、Sb和Tl等13种元素EF＞10,富集程度非常高,说明人类活动对这些元素的贡献较大。     

Numerical and experimental investigations on laser melting of stainless steel 316L metal powders

This paper presents numerical and experimental investigations on laser melting of SS grade 316L powder on top of AISI 316L substrate using a pulsed Nd:YAG laser. The objectives of the present study are to understand the effect of process parameters such as laser power, scanning speed and beam size on geometry characteristics of the melt zone and ball formation. We formulated a moving heat source problem and obtained transient temperature solutions using commercial finite element solver. The geometry characteristics of the melt zone are evaluated from the temperature solutions and compared with experimental results. The effect of laser parameters on the geometry, morphology and homogeneity of single track realization was methodically analyzed by utilizing characterization tools such as laser particle size analyzer, macro and microscopic inspection, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The results presented in this paper are beneficial to realize homogenous layer formation in additive manufacturing processes involving powder melting by laser beam.