空区处理与残矿回采对围岩及地表影响的数值模拟分析

为了提高矿山企业开采的生产效益及确保施工中设备人员的生命财产安全,采用现场声波测试试验与室内物理力学试验得出的力学参数,应用FLAC3D数值模拟软件,在空区顶板-矿柱体系简化为弹性矩形薄板-H-K体流变力学模型的基础上,分析空区处理与残矿回采对围岩及地表的影响规律。结果表明:矿区三中段充填回采过程中压应力最大值出现在Ⅲ-10开采之后,右帮壁形成了9. 8 MPa的压应力集中区;拉应力区域主要存在于充填体内,且大部分拉应力超过了充填体抗拉强度幅值0. 12 MPa;地表移动带范围内垂直方向位移保持在0～1 mm。实际施工中应采取加强充填体强度达0. 27 MPa以上或保留部分矿体支撑顶板等措施确保回采安全。     

The nature and significance of public exposure to arsenic: a review of its relevance to South West England

In South West England, more than two hundred years of intensive exploitation of metalliferous ore deposits, combined with the natural processes of pedogenesis from mineral-rich parent rocks, has resulted in the creation of a aignificant area of arsenic-contaminated wastes and soils. The scale of arsenic dispersion by natural and anthropogenic processes is such that 722 km² of land contains concentrations of arsenic in excess of 110 g g^–1, more than twice the maximum that might be expected in a normal soil.The general rationale for the clean-up of derelict and contaminated mining sites often includes aesthetic factors and the desirability of preventing the dispersion of contaminants beyond the site boundaries. Only in extreme cases is public health directly invoked as justification for remediation. In South West England, if arsenic constitutes a genuine threat to the public, an increased rate of site remediation would be justified. The primary purpose of this review is to establish whether or not widespread arsenic contamination (principally of soils) has any measurable effects on public health in South West England, and how this might affect current contaminated site remediation policy. The review is based on data from previous research in the region, and other relevant international studies of mining and smelting communities, and other populations exposed to elevated arsenic concentrations. The literature reviewed also includes the determination of the extent and sources of contamination, and pathways between source and man.While the contamination of potable waters in some countries has led to measurable health effects, this scenario has not yet been identified in South West England, and there is little reason to believe that significantly contaminated potable water supplies would escape detection for extended periods of time under the current monitoring regime.In relative terms (based on both globaland local data), one of the most significant links between contaminated soils and humans appears to be contaminated food stuffs. In absolute terms, such exposure is low due to the natural constraints on arsenic uptake by herbage, cereal crops and vegetables, and the food chain does not appear to have been significantly compromised in South West England. Chronic health effects are unlikely as excessive arsenic concentrations in locally grown food crops remain rare.With the problems of confounding medical and social factors, it is not surprising that studies in South West England have failed to identify chronic exposure to arsenic at very low concentrations as a significant health risk. Those studies that indicate otherwise do not stand up to close scrutiny. It appears that the number of additional deaths arising from the widespread arsenic contamination in South West England is small. The relative benefits of a costly statistical study to actually determine the number of additional deaths might be considered minimal, but one major area could benefit from further studies: the sensitivity of certain population sub-groups to environmental arsenic exposure. Of particular interest are children, for whom significant exposure to arsenic via soil ingestion may be occurring.Based on available information, there appears to be no justification for a large programme of site remediation. Resources should, however, be expended on enlightening the general public, and private and governmental organisations as regards the gap between the perceived and actual significance of arsenic contamination in South West England.To whom correspondence should be addressed.     

初论元素富集成矿的地球化学机理—以岩浆热液矿床的形成为例

元素富集成矿的过程实质上是元素在地球不同圈层和不同相以及不同集合体之间分配的结果。元素的富集起始于地球形成的初期。对于大多数金属成矿元素 ,地壳特别是上地壳是大多数矿石和矿胎的储库 ,地壳丰度是元素富集成矿的物质基础。元素在地质体系演化共存相间的分配是元素富集成矿的关键过程。对于以侵入体为中心的热液矿床的形成 ,岩浆部分熔融、结晶分异、液态分离、挥发分分离以及气液相不混溶等过程能够导致金属元素最终达到矿石级的富集。挥发分则是元素富集成矿的重要制约因素     

炼铁上料系统除尘设计体会点滴

就炼铁高炉矿槽除尘系统的方式，提出了一些革新的措施，涉及到阀门、吸气罩、风幕及控制方法等     

新疆赛都糜棱岩型金矿的矿石矿物学特征

本文首次详细论述了赛都糜棱岩型金矿的矿石类型、矿石组构和金属矿物的特征，对金矿物特征和金的赋存状态作了详细描述，并在矿石矿物学分析基础上提出了该金矿的矿化阶段。     

开发沸石矿用于农业的经济评价

我国沸石矿资源丰富。开发利用沸石矿于农业,可增产粮食400亿公斤,加上节约化肥和用作饲料添加剂等方面,年经济效益为496.25亿元。因此,开发利用沸石矿于农业具有重大的经济意义,从促进我国粮食生产上新台阶的角度考虑,则具有重大的战略意义。     

三门火山盆地的层状矿床及其与盆地形成演化的关系

浙江三门中生代火山——沉积盆地的形成演化可分四个阶段。每一阶段均伴产有不同成因和各具特色的金属矿床,显示了陆相火山作用较为完整的成矿体系。其中层状矿床具有同生和后生的双重特征,多成因,多来源,是较典型的火山沉积——后期热液迭加改造型矿床。本文着重介绍它的主要特征及盆地的形成演化对火山成因矿床的控制。     

改性粉煤灰在处理锑矿选矿废水中的应用

针对锑矿选矿废水中锑和丁基黄原酸钠严重超标的问题,用酸改性粉煤灰对其进行吸附处理.试验结果表明,当改性粉煤灰处理选矿废水的最佳质量体积比(g.mL-1)为1:100,pH值为3,静置时间为4h时,可以将选矿废水中的锑浓度从28.611mg.L-1降到0.05mg.L-1以下,去除率达99.8%以上;废水中的丁基黄原酸钠浓度可从0.373mg.L-1降到0.02mg.L-1以下,去除率达95.0%以上.处理废水后的改性粉煤灰用硫酸-硝酸浸提,浸出液中重金属离子浓度均低于国家浸出毒性标准,表明改性粉煤灰是一种很好的锑矿选矿废水处理剂.     

河南遂平石寨铺铁矿区地球物理特征及找矿远景

遂平石寨铺铁矿区位于河南省隧平县境内,属于沉积变质型铁矿,含铁层位是太古界太华岩群。依据地球物理特征及物探高精度磁法工作结果,与舞阳铁矿成矿条件对比,预测西北部找矿远景较好。     

程潮铁矿废石和尾矿的综合利用技术研究

程潮铁矿的废石和尾矿堆放量在武钢矿业公司所辖4座铁矿山中是比较大的,探讨程铁废石和尾矿的综合利用具有重要的实际意义。本文简要介绍了程潮铁矿废石和尾矿的基本特性,分析了废石和尾矿再利用的可行性,探讨了振动筛分法筛选废石的可行性,进行了尾矿制作混凝土的研究。研究结果表明:振动筛分法可有效解决废石堆放和运输所产生的各种问题;利用程潮铁矿尾矿的低硅铁特性,加入一定比例的掺料,制成普通水泥混凝土,可以达到综合利用的效果。