Assessment of seasonal variations of carbon dioxide concentration in Iran using GOSAT data

Global warming and climate change have been identified as the most important challenges of the 21st century. Greenhouse Gases Observation Satellite (GOSAT) measures the concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO ₂) and methane (CH ₄) in the atmosphere column from the earth's surface to the upper atmosphere. In this research, GOSAT Thermal And Near Infrared Sensor for Carbon Observation – Fourier Transform Spectrometer (TANSO‐FTS) level 2 data and meteorological parameters were used in the assessment of changes in CO ₂ concentration (XCO ₂) from 2009 to 2015. We investigated the relationship between XCO ₂ and meteorological parameters (temperature and precipitation) obtained from weather stations and the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in the year 2013 in Iran. The results reveal a steady increase in the mean atmospheric CO ₂ concentration, from 384.89 to 400.39 ppm. It was observed that the XCO ₂ varied significantly depending on the month, with the highest concentration of CO ₂ in April/May and the lowest concentration in August/September. The correlation between XCO ₂ and average monthly air temperature is negative, which means that a reduction in XCO ₂ with an increase in temperature is dependent on photosynthetic activities in the growing seasons. The highest and lowest correlation coefficient between the NDVI and XCO ₂ was obtained in the spring and in the fall, respectively. These findings are useful for recognizing factors that affect CO ₂ concentration in different seasons in arid and semi‐arid regions, and as an initial step toward sustainable management.     

铜污染土壤电动修复研究

应用实验方法研究了土壤重金属污染的电动力学修复方法,分析了土壤重金属污染物的迁移和变化特征。实验结果表明,在电场作用下土壤中重金属的浓度分布发生明显变化,使得大部分重金属能在电极附近富集而被去除。当实验的电场强度为0.5 V/cm时,在阳极附近土壤中铜的去除效率达到71.1%。阳极附近的pH值由开始时的6.8逐渐变小到4.4,而阴极附近则相反,由开始时的6.6逐渐增大到9.1,此外电动修复过程中电极附近的温度会发生相应的变化。     

铜污染土壤电动修复研究

应用实验方法研究了土壤重金属污染的电动力学修复方法,分析了土壤重金属污染物的迁移和变化特征。实验结果表明,在电场作用下土壤中重金属的浓度分布发生明显变化,使得大部分重金属能在电极附近富集而被去除。当实验的电场强度为0.5 V/cm时,在阳极附近土壤中铜的去除效率达到71.1%。阳极附近的pH值由开始时的6.8逐渐变小到4.4,而阴极附近则相反,由开始时的6.6逐渐增大到9.1,此外电动修复过程中电极附近的温度会发生相应的变化。     

机场建设对鸟类的影响及机鸟相撞防范措施

机鸟相撞,轻则鸟死机伤,重则机毁人亡,一直是困扰着各国航空飞行安全的重大问题。根据近几年在机场类建设项目环境影响评价中的工作经验,本文就机场鸟类保护与机场建设及避免机鸟相撞问题做一探讨,认为机场鸟类保护与避免机鸟相撞首先在机场建设时要认真做好区域鸟类资源调查,避开候鸟迁徙通道,掌握鸟类活动规律,在机场营运期应积极采取生态措施、工程措施及有效的管理等措施避免鸟类对飞机的威胁,确保飞行安全。     

浅析大气环境与健康、疾病的关系

文章对造成大气污染的主要途径,如自然污染、人类活动以及气象条件对大气污染的影响进行了探讨,分析了能源使用、工农业生产过程、交通运输对大气的影响,浅析了大气污染与人类健康、人类疾病的关系,大气污染对呼吸系统、免疫系统,以及对细胞染色体和基因损伤方面的影响。     

Relationships between pikas (Ochotona, mammalia) and vegetation in Tuva

The burrowing and trophic activities of four pika (Ochotona) species proved to be reflected in the horizontal structure of the biogeocenotic cover. Zoophytochores ofOchotona daurica andO. pallasi pricei burrows correspond to previously described ameboid zoophytochores. Burrows of pikas provide for the growth of pea shrubs (Caragana bungei, C leucophloea), with the formation of specific plant groups under their crowns and on rubble dug out by pikas. In ecosystems of placers, zoophytochores are formed owing to the presence of pika food stores and lavatories, which are the main substrate for vascular plants first appearing among the stones. General ecological (and successional) series characterizing the overgrowing of placers is as follows: (1) separate spots of vegetation with poor floristic composition at the sites of pika food stores (stacklets); (2) groups of spots and simplest complexes; and (3) complex plant communities of pika colonies. Food stores of pikas in Tuva were analyzed.     

湖北省重大自然灾害数据库的设计与应用

自然灾害,尤其是重大自然灾害是影响生产布局、制约区域经济发展的重要因素,在重大灾害中,气象灾害和地震灾害是对人类威胁最大的灾种。湖北省地处长江中游,是我国重大自然灾害的多发区与重灾区,其减灾、防灾的研究具特别重要的意义。通过对湖北省历代有关气象灾害和地震灾害历史文献的收集、整理、分等分级,并且在计算机软硬件平台的支持下生成数据库,将零散、杂乱的各处有关灾害的史料变成一个有序的信息源,为有关抗灾、防     

Enhanced photocatalytic activity of TiO2 by surface fluorination in degradation of organic cationic compound

Experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of TiO2 surface fluorination on the photodegradation of a representative organic cationic compound, Methylene Blue （MB）. The eleetropositive MB shows poor adsorption on TiO2 surface; its degradation performs a HO. radical-mediated mechanism. In the F-modified system, the kinetic reaction rate enlarged more than 2.5 fold that was attributed mainly to the accumulating adsorption of MB and the increased photogenerated hole available on the F-modified TiO2 surface.     

Identification and spatial patterns of coastal water pollution sources based on GIS and chemometric approach

Comprehensive and joint applications of GIS and chemometric approach were applied in identification and spatial patterns of coastal water pollution sources with a large data set （5 years （2000-2004）, 17 parameters） obtained through coastal water monitoring of Southern Water Control Zone in Hong Kong. According to cluster analysis the pollution degree was significantly different between September-next May （the 1st period） and June-August （the 2nd period）. Based on these results, four potential pollution sources, such as organic/eutrophication pollution, natural pollution, mineral/anthropic pollution and fecal pollution were identified by factor analysis/principal component analysis. Then the factor scores of each monitoring site were analyzed using inverse distance weighting method, and the results indicated degree of the influence by various potential pollution sources differed among the monitoring sites. This study indicated that hybrid approach was useful and effective for identification of coastal water pollution source and spatial patterns.     

煤矿建设项目开采沉陷对环境影响评价研究

本文系统介绍了开采沉陷对环境影响评价的基本方法,结合工作实践,针对不同环境因子的分项评价进行总结,并给出相应的治理对策,最后得出结论。