尔王庄水库水质污染特征和主要问题分析

对引滦输水调剂水库尔王庄水库的水生生态环境和富营养化情况进行了分析，剖析了水质影响因素。为改善尔王庄水库水质提供了有利技术依据。     

An Analysis of the Daily Radial Activity of 7 Boreal Tree Species, Northwestern Quebec

In the `Des Vieux Arbres' ecological reserve situated within northwestern Québec, 40 band dendrometers were installedon 7 of the major boreal tree species. The late Spring–early Summer daily radial activity registered in 1997 was related todaily weather variables. For each tree species, the daily mean i) cumulative radial increment and ii) radial activity indexedseries obtained by first-difference standardization were analyzed. The results indicate the existence of strong similarities among the 7 species. All showed strong synchronousfluctuations in radius during late winter and early spring. Thisperiod ended with a short but sharp increase in radial increments that marked the passage of water into the stem. Thisinitial swelling, less obvious in Pinus species was followed by a prolonged period of little change in radial activity. Meteorological data indicated that air temperature waspositively related to stem swelling during the late winter–earlyspring period. Both air and soil temperatures became negatively related to radial expansion once the passage of water has occurred in the stem. Starting in early June, all species registered a sustained increase in radial increments possiblyassociated with active cell division. After this, radial expansion was negatively related to air temperature and positively to rainfall.     

地表水体中藻类的生长对pH值及溶解氧含量的影响

论述了水质富营养化后藻类生长对pH值及DO的影响,并对pH的变化给出了定量公式,对水中藻类的生长给出了pH限值。     

深圳市城区大气颗粒物及主要水溶性无机离子的污染特征

基于2015年深圳市大气颗粒物和主要水溶性无机离子的观测数据,深入分析了大气颗粒物的浓度变化及二次污染特征.结果表明2015年深圳的大气颗粒物（PM₁₀、PM_2.5、PM₁）浓度虽然低,但其中细粒子占比高,PM_2.5/PM₁₀的比值高达0.744,甚至大于广州典型灰霾过程中的粗细粒子比.大气颗粒物浓度季节变化明显,秋冬高,春夏低.其日变化特征明显受到交通高峰的影响,汽车尾气可能是污染来源之一.SO₄^2-、NO₃^-和NH₄⁺（SNA）质量浓度在PM_2.5中的占比超过1/3（37.7%）,且全年硫转化率都大于0.1,这说明深圳市细颗粒物主要来自于二次转化.深圳大气颗粒物浓度受气象要素影响显著,与气压正相关,与气温、相对湿度、降水及风速负相关;若将风速、气温、气压、相对湿度和降水作为一个整体考虑,这些气象要素对深圳大气颗粒物浓度的影响大小是PM₁ > PM₁₀ > PM_2.5.本工作不仅对深圳的大气环境管理和经济可持续发展有着重要参考价值,还对空气相对清洁地区的大气颗粒物和霾治理具有指导意义.     

改进的模糊层次分析法在采动滑坡稳定性影响因素评价中的应用

采动滑坡是山区煤矿开采沉陷诱发的最为严重的一种非连续滑动破坏形式。为了对采动滑坡的稳定性进行评价,在常规层次分析法求解权重的基础上,通过对判断矩阵构造过程的改进避免了一致性检验,建立了改进的模糊层次分析模型,并以马桑湾滑坡为例,在分析采动滑坡稳定性主要影响因素的基础上,建立了采动滑坡稳定性影响因素评价指标递阶层次结构,应用改进的模糊层次分析法对该采动滑坡稳定性影响因素进行了重要性排序,其排序结果与现场实际相符合,证明了该方法的可行性。该研究结果对采动滑坡预防和治理具有重要的工程意义。     

多孔黏土异构材料对气态萘的吸附

以膨润土为基质,添加表面活性剂和助表面活性剂,制备了多孔黏土异构材料(PCHs),采用SEM和BET技术进行了表征,并将其用于气态萘的吸附。考察了吸附效果的影响因素,并探讨了吸附机理。表征结果显示,PCHs具有较大的比表面积,孔径分布均匀,兼具微孔和中孔结构。实验结果表明:当吸附温度为30℃、初始萘质量浓度为560 mg/m3、相对湿度为0时,PCHs对萘的平衡吸附量达370 mg/g,远高于膨润土和有机膨润土;吸附为放热过程,温度越高平衡吸附量越低;平衡吸附量随初始萘质量浓度的增加呈非线性增长;水蒸气的存在导致萘的平衡吸附量减小;萘在PCHs上的吸附机理主要为表面物理吸附和有机质的分配作用。     

池火灾评价法在环氧乙烷罐区的应用研究

以某石油化工厂区为工程应用背景,通过对环氧乙烷储罐区计算模型的建立,应用池火灾评价法对环氧乙烷储罐发生池火灾的热辐射伤害区域进行了定量计算,得出环氧乙烷罐区发生池火灾的各级影响半径和造成的伤害程度。结果表明,只有当人员撤离罐区67.35 m范围外方可避免受到热辐射伤害。从环氧乙烷罐区的整体安全性出发,提出了具体的防护措施和建议,为企业的安全管理工作提供参考依据。     

湖滨河口湿地中磷的输移转化机制及截留效应研究进展

湖滨河口湿地对湖泊的水质与生态健康有重要影响,但其对营养物质的截留效应亦备受争议.因此深入了解营养物质在湿地"水-底泥-植物"中的输移转化过程,明确导致湿地"源-汇"功能转换的主要驱动机制与关键影响因子具有重要意义.本文以磷(P)为对象,分析了水文过程的变异性对湖滨河口湿地的影响,综述了湿地截磷的植物机制、微生物机制及"上覆水-底泥"界面过程,比较了短期和长期机制的差异;识别了湿地截P的重要影响因素及其交互反馈过程,主要包括水文条件、底泥理化性质、离子含量、水生植物种类等;总结了目前已开展的野外监测、室内培养、吸附等温线、统计分析、机理模型等研究方法,提出未来需将湿地水文模型与生态模型相结合,用于识别和评估磷在湿地"水-底泥-植物"系统中的输移关键过程及截留效应.     

Guided group discussion and the reported use of toxic products: The persuasiveness of hearing others’ views

Guided group discussion ( [Lewin et?al., 1952] , [Werner, 2003] and [Werner and Adams, 2001] ) was used to persuade groups to replace their toxic home and garden chemicals with nontoxic alternatives. We hypothesized that discussion would allow participants to hear others endorse the new information, and this normative information would facilitate persuasion. Approximately two months after the group discussion, we obtained questionnaires from the organizer of the meeting and a member of the group who had missed the meeting because of another obligation (i.e., not because of disinterest in the topic). Most organizers were female and analyses were limited to females. This quasi-experimental matched control group design indicated that those who attended the meeting were more favorable towards using nontoxics and more interested in sharing leftover toxic products with friends (instead of discarding them). Path and mediation analyses showed that the organizer’s evaluation of the meeting predicted her final attitude, and perceptions that the group endorsed the material (perceived group norm) partially mediated this relationship. A second mediation analysis showed that evaluation of the meeting predicted intention to share leftover toxics and this relationship was fully mediated by the organizer’s impression that the group would also share leftovers. The results support the idea that persuasion is based both on individual evaluation and normative influence, especially when people are not confident others will accept the behavior, such as sharing leftover toxic products.