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31.
间歇培养条件下研究了单一稀土元素镧(La3 )和铈(Ce3 )在不同浓度水平下对厌氧颗粒污泥活性及其动力学行为的影响.结果表明,La3 和Ce3 对厌氧颗粒污泥比产甲烷活性有促进作用的浓度范围均为0.01~0.1 mg·L-1,促进作用浓度峰值均为0.05mg·L-1,最大促进百分比分别为10.35%和20.79%;La3 和Ce3 对SMA(比甲烷活性)的半抑制浓度分别为5mg·L-1和1000mg·L-1,La3 较易对污泥产生抑制作用.米-门方程可以用来描述厌氧消化过程中甲烷发酵阶段的动力学行为,稀土元素La3 和Ce3 投加至反应系统后,提高了甲烷发酵过程的动力学常数Vmax和半饱和常数Ks. 相似文献
32.
饮用水反硝化脱氮方法研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为去除饮用水中的硝酸盐氮(NO3ˉ-N),采用上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器和固定化微生物进行异养反硝化;自制固定化反硝化菌涂层电极和生物电化学脱氮装置,并用于自养反硝化。试验结果表明。若以甲醇为碳源。当碳氮比(C/N)≥1.o时,室温下经UASB处理4h,NO3ˉ-N去除率为97.7%;若以乙酸为碳源。当C/N≥1.0时,30C下经固定化微生物处理6h,N03ˉ-N去除率为98.6%;在无外加碳源的条件下处理东湖现场水样,30C下经60h后。N03ˉ-N去除率达93.5%。生物电化学脱氮装置可迅速建立自养反硝化菌所需的厌氧环境,水样在室温下经72h处理,脱氮率达96.3%。 相似文献
33.
Lakes caused by coal mining processes are characterized by low pH, low nutrient status, and high concentrations of Fe(II) and sulfate due to the oxidation of pyrite in the surrounding mine tailings. Fe(III) produced during Fe(II) oxidation precipitates to the anoxic acidic sediment, where the microbial reduction of Fe(III) is the dominant electron-accepting process for the oxidation of organic matter, apparently mediated by acidophilic Acidiphilium species. Those bacteria can reduce a great variety of Fe(III)-(hydr)oxides and reduce Fe(III) and oxygen simultaneously which might be due to the small differences in the redox potentials under low pH conditions. Due to the absence of sulfide, Fe(II) formed in the upper 6 cm of the sediment diffuses to oxic zones in the water layer where itcan be reoxidized by Acidithiobacillus species. Thus, acidic conditions are stabilized by the cycling of iron which inhibits fermentative and sulfate-reducing activities. With increasing sediment depth, the amount of reactive iron decrease, the pH increases above 5, and fermentative and as yet unknown Fe(III)-reducing bacteria are also involved in the reduction of Fe(III). Sulfate is reduced apparently by the activity of spore-forming sulfate reducers including new species of Desulfosporosinus that have their pH optimum similar to in situconditions and are not capable of growth at pH 7. However, generation of alkalinity via sulfate reduction is reduced by the anaerobic reoxidation of sulfide back to sulfate. Thus, the microbial cycling of iron at the oxic-anoxic interface and the anaerobic cycling of sulfur maintains environmental conditions appropriate for acidophilic Fe(III)-reducing and acid-tolerant sulfate-reducing microbial communities. 相似文献
34.
生态条件和瘤胃菌丛密度与纤维分解的关系 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在自行设计装配的人工模拟瘤胃发酵装置内,用90523-1瘤胃菌丛进行瘤胃体外发酵试验,结果表明纤维素的分解与瘤胃细菌的密度及其类群变化有着密切关系,都受生态环境条件的制约。在发酵温度40℃,搅拌速度为60~70r/min的条件下搅动20min/h,C/N为10:1的生态条件环境中的细菌密度和纤维素分解率都高于相同生态条件的其它梯度组。 相似文献
35.
Kenneth E. Hyer Douglas L. Mayer 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2004,40(6):1511-1526
ABSTRACT: Surface water impairment by fecal coliform bacteria is a water quality issue of national scope and importance. In Virginia, more than 400 stream and river segments are on the Commonwealth's 2002 303(d) list because of fecal coliform impairment. Total maximum daily loads (TMDLs) will be developed for most of these listed streams and rivers. Information regarding the major fecal coliform sources that impair surface water quality would enhance the development of effective watershed models and improve TMDLs. Bacterial source tracking (BST) is a recently developed technology for identifying the sources of fecal coliform bacteria and it may be helpful in generating improved TMDLs. Bacterial source tracking was performed, watershed models were developed, and TMDLs were prepared for three streams (Accotink Creek, Christians Creek, and Blacks Run) on Virginia's 303(d) list of impaired waters. Quality assurance of the BST work suggests that these data adequately describe the bacteria sources that are impairing these streams. Initial comparison of simulated bacterial sources with the observed BST data indicated that the fecal coliform sources were represented inaccurately in the initial model simulation. Revised model simulations (based on BST data) appeared to provide a better representation of the sources of fecal coliform bacteria in these three streams. The coupled approach of incorporating BST data into the fecal coliform transport model appears to reduce model uncertainty and should result in an improved TMDL. 相似文献
36.
利用微生物技术治理煤矿瓦斯的研究展望 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
目前,我国的煤矿瓦斯防治技术主要为通风、抽放等物理方法,该类方法仍不能完全满足防治煤矿瓦斯灾害的安全要求。笔者提出一种治理煤矿瓦斯的新思路,采用一种新的控制方法,试图通过生物技术使瓦斯涌出量减少,防治煤矿瓦斯灾害。为此,对应用微生物技术治理煤矿瓦斯的可行性进行了分析,简单介绍了甲烷氧化菌的氧化机理及其在其他领域的应用,并通过初步试验对甲烷氧化菌降解煤样瓦斯的效果进行了测定,从而对其有了感性的认识,在已有的对甲烷氧化菌的研究和初步试验的基础上,对应用甲烷氧化菌解决煤矿瓦斯危害进行了展望。 相似文献
37.
38.
Anna Eleria Richard M. Vogel 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2005,41(5):1195-1209
In Massachusetts, the Charles River Watershed Association conducts a regular water quality monitoring and public notification program in the Charles River Basin during the recreational season to inform users of the river's health. This program has relied on laboratory analyses of river samples for fecal coliform bacteria levels, however, results are not available until at least 24 hours after sampling. To avoid the need for laboratory analyses, ordinary least squares (OLS) and logistic regression models were developed to predict fecal coliform bacteria concentrations and the probabilities of exceeding the Massachusetts secondary contact recreation standard for bacteria based on meteorological conditions and streamflow. The OLS models resulted in adjusted R2s ranging from 50 to 60 percent. An uncertainty analysis reveals that of the total variability of fecal coliform bacteria concentrations, 45 percent is explained by the OLS regression model, 15 percent is explained by both measurement and space sampling error, and 40 percent is explained by time sampling error. Higher accuracy in future bacteria forecasting models would likely result from reductions in laboratory measurement errors and improved sampling designs. 相似文献
39.
This study was conducted to investigate microbial organisms that can be used for preventing clogging in drip irrigation systems caused by biological factors. A total of 25 fungi isolate and 121 bacterial strains were isolated from water samples collected from drip irrigation systems in tomato greenhouses in the eastern Anatolia region of Turkey in the spring season of 2001. Biological clogging of emitters in a model drip irrigation system was experimentally caused by application of the microorganisms (fungi and bacteria) isolated in the study. Three antagonistic bacterial strains in the genus Bacillus spp (ERZ, OSU-142) and Burkholdria spp (OSU-7) were used for treatment of biological clogging of the emitters. The results showed that the antagonistic bacterial strains tested have the potential to be used as anti-clogging agents for treatment of emitters in drip irrigation system. This is the first study that demonstrated that antagonistic microorganisms can be utilized for treatment of clogging in drip irrigation systems. 相似文献
40.