三烧溴化锂集中制冷空调系统改建设计

武钢三烧区域改建了二台大连三洋蒸汽型双效溴化锂吸收式制冷机。叙述了该改建项目的主机选型、参数选定、设计特点等。     

Calibration and testing of a dynamic flow-through chamber for field determination of methyl bromide volatilization flux

Accurate emission measurement of highly volatile chemicals such as methyl bromide (MeBr) is a crucial step in assessing their potential for environmental contamination. Use of flux chambers is a simple method for measuring emission rate under field conditions. To validate the applicability of a dynamic flow-through chamber for measuring MeBr emission, we provide a complete presentation of calibration and testing of the chamber. The calibration was made under a controlled system subject to ambient temperature changes. Two field experiments were conducted to test the chamber for measuring MeBr flux under conditions similar to commercial soil fumigation practices. In both the calibration and the two field experiments, the chamber provided accurate emission estimates. The maximum mass balance error was < 10% which is comparable to the micrometerological method. Because of its simplicity, we believe this dynamic flux chamber can be used reliably in quantifying the emission dynamics of highly volatile chemicals such as MeBr.     

加氯消毒过程中纯细菌物质生成消毒副产物研究

按照UFC方法对水体中3种常见细菌Acinetobacter junii、Staphylococcussciuri和Escherichia coli进行纯细菌加氯消毒处理,同时考察水中溴离子对纯细菌物质生成DBPs的影响.结果表明,3种细菌均为DBPs前体物,加氯消毒生成的DBPs除水合三氯乙醛(CHD)外,生成的三卤甲烷(THMs)物质主要为氯仿(TCM),卤乙腈(HANs)物质主要为二氯乙腈(DCAN).氯仿的生成量与细菌物质TOC浓度无明显关系,但HANs和CHD生成量均随细菌TOC浓度增大而增加.其中革兰氏阳性细菌Staphylococcus sciuri生成的DCAN和CHD比革兰氏阴性细菌Acinetobacter junii和Escherichia coli生成的要高,说明细胞壁的化学组分可能是DCAN和CHD生成的影响因素之一.Escherichia coli细菌反应液中溴离子(Br-)存在时,除生成CHD、TCM及DCAN外,THMs和HANs中的溴代种类CHBr3随Br-增多而持续增加,相反TCM持续减少.当Br-浓度为4mg.L-1时,TBM浓度增至最高127.9μg.L-1;HANs和CHD生成量随Br-浓度增加先有所增加,随后持续降低至低于检测限;Br离子存在时THMs为主要DBPs种类.     

Removal of humic acid from aqueous solution by cetylpyridinium bromide modified zeolite

Natural zeolite was modified by loading cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB) to create more e cient sites for humic acid (HA) adsorption. The natural and CPB modified zeolites were characterized with X-ray di raction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The e ects of various experimental parameters such as contact time, initial HA concentration, solution pH and coexistent Ca2+, upon HA adsorption onto CPB modified zeolites were evaluated. The results showed that natural zeolite had negligible a nity for HA in aqueous solutions, but CPB modified zeolites exhibited high adsorption e ciency for HA. A higher CPB loading on natural zeolites exhibited a larger HA adsorption capacity. Acidic pH and coexistent Ca2+ were proved to be favorable for HA adsorption onto CPB modified zeolite. The kinetic process was well described by pseudo second-order model. The experimental isotherm data fitted well to Langmuir and Sips models. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of CPB modified zeolite with surfactant bilayer coverage was found to be 92.0 mg/g.     

饮用水消毒中一氯胺的衰减动力学研究

对饮用水消毒过程中一氯胺的衰减过程,采用二级反应速率模型对其衰减规律进行了非线性拟合;分别考察了pH值、温度、碳酸盐、溴离子、碘离子和天然有机物(NOM)浓度等水质参数变化对一氯胺衰减速率的影响.结果表明,pH值是影响一氯胺衰减速率的重要因素,pH<7.0时尤为明显;温度和碳酸盐对一氯胺的衰减速率均有明显影响;在pH=6.60时,随着溴离子浓度的增加一氯胺的衰减加快;在pH>7.60,0.1 mg/L的溴离子浓度对一氯胺的衰减影响不明显,碘离子对一氯胺的衰减影响较相同反应条件下溴离子的影响明显.此外,一氯胺衰减动力学模拟结果表明,采用二级动力学反应模型可以较好地拟合在卤素离子(Br-I、-)共存条件下的一氯胺衰减规律,对在沿海地区饮用水消毒工艺中不同条件下氯胺消毒剂浓度预测可以提供一定的理论和技术支持.     

Gulf War agents trigger discrete transcriptional changes in human neuronal cells

Reports on Gulf War illness (GWI) implicated the use of the pesticide permethrin (PER), and the insect repellent N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET), in its etiology, as well as pyridostigmine bromide (PB), which was given as a prophylactic treatment against nerve agent exposure. Using Affymetrix microarrays the genomic response of human neuronal SHSY-5Y cells to 10 days of exposure to these agents was characterized and profiles of gene modulation unique to each treatment were demonstrated. In particular, a significantly greater impact of PER was observed compared to the other treatments. The Ingenuity Pathway Analysis knowledgebase was used to analyze the genomic datasets and attribute functional consequences to the effects of related genes, which were significantly up- or down-regulated in response to different treatments. Canonical pathways shown to be significantly modulated at the genomic level in response to exposure included cellular mechanisms, which might contribute to the clinical presentation in GWI patients and thus be targeted for further investigation as potential targets for therapeutic intervention.     

胶束形态对十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)增溶典型苯系物行为的影响

研究了30℃条件下,浓度为1.2×10-4mol·l-1—2.88×10-2mol·l-1的阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)溶液的吸光度及相应浓度条件时对典型苯系物(苯、甲苯和乙苯)的增溶作用.利用表面活性剂的紫外吸收随浓度变化这一特性,从其不同的拐点处求得CTAB的第一、第二临界胶束浓度分别为7.2×10-4mol·l-1和9.6×10-3mol·l-1.在实验浓度范围内,CTAB溶液对苯、甲苯和乙苯的表观溶解度增溶曲线上同样得到两个拐点,即苯7.2×10-4mol·l-1和9.6×10-3mol·l-1,甲苯7.2×10-4mol·l-1和7.2×10-3mol·l-1以及乙苯7.2×10-4mol·l-1和9.6×10-3mol·l-1,这与第一、第二临界胶束浓度相等或相近.由于溶液中CTAB胶束形态随浓度增加而变化,表明胶束形态对CTAB增溶苯系物的行为有显著影响。     

表面活性剂对热带假丝酵母降解苯酚的影响

通过液态发酵培养法探讨了添加2种化学表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、曲拉通X-100(Triton X-100)以及生物表面活性剂二鼠李糖脂(dirhamnolipid,diRL)对1株热带假丝酵母(Candida tropicalis)降解苯酚的影响.结果表明,发酵液中苯酚的分解和菌体生长的不同步,反映了苯酚对该菌的毒性作用以及苯酚降解过程中中间产物的形成.CTAB对热带假丝酵母具有毒性作用,抑制菌体对苯酚的降解.低浓度(0.1、0.3CMC)的Triton X-100对C.tropicalis的生长及对苯酚的降解有一定的促进作用,分别将苯酚降解完全的时间由空白的48h提前至24h和36h;随着Triton X-100浓度增大(1.0、3.0CMC),降解初期菌体的衰亡减缓,但使菌体生长滞后,苯酚分解完全的时间延长.生物表面活性剂diRL促进菌体对苯酚降解的同时显著地促进了C.tropicalis的生长,且促进作用随着加入diRL浓度的增大而增强,1.0、3.0CMC的diRL将苯酚降解完全的时间都提前到24h;而diRL在发酵过程中浓度也逐渐降低,这表明diRL很大程度上减弱了苯酚对菌体的毒性,并且可以共同作为碳源促进菌体的生长.     

CTMAB-膨润土吸附水中有机物的性能及应用

本文用溴化十六烷基三甲铵(CTMAB)-改性膨润土,研究了CTMAB-膨润土吸附水中α-萘胺、β-萘胺、α-萘酚、硝基苯和苯胺的性能和适宜条件.结果表明,CTMAB-膨润土对水中有机物的吸附能力与CTMAB在膨润土上的实际交换量有关,也与作用方式和有机物辛醇-水分配系数有关.CTMAB-膨润土对五种有机物的去除率顺序为:α-萘胺、β-萘胺、α-萘酚>硝基苯>苯胺.     

Preparation of high resolution chromosomes from amniotic fluid cells

A relatively simple method of obtaining high resolution chromosomes from amniotic fluid cells is described. The elongated chromosomes are achieved by adding ethidium bromide (5μg/ml) to the culture 4 1/2 hours before harvesting and the high resolution banding can be produced by usual banding procedures.