溴化十四烷基吡啶对膨润土吸附萘的增强效应及机理

研究了溴化十四烷基吡啶(MPB)对膨润土吸附萘的增强效应、机理及影响因素,试图为有机膨润土在污染环境修复中的应用提供新的技术路线.结果表明,MPB能显著增强膨润土对萘的吸附作用,增强效应及机理与MPB浓度有关.当MPB平衡浓度(X)在0～1/10CMC之间,MPB几乎全部被膨润土吸附,对萘产生分配作用,其表观分配系数(K_d^*)随MPB加入量的增大而急剧增大;当X在1/10CMC～ICMC之间,由于表面活性剂的吸附作用及其单体的增溶作用,K_d^*值则缓慢减小;当X大于1CMC,由于增加的表面活性剂主要起胶束增溶作用,K_d^*值则急剧减小.引入了标化表观分配系数(K_oc^*)探讨萘在表面活性剂-膨润土-水体系中的吸附机理,其倒数(1/K_oc^*)与X呈线性关系;由线性斜率和截距可求得K_oc、K_mn、K_mc参数.     

CPAM二次改性有机膨润土的脱色性能研究

分别用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)和阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)改性钠基膨润土,并用CPAM二次改性CTMAB插层膨润土,分析了三种改性后的膨润土的结构并研究了对模拟印染废水的吸附脱色性能。结果表明,经过CPAM二次改性过的CTMAB插层膨润土的层间距d001大于CTMAB改性膨润土、CPAM改性膨润土和钠基膨润土,且二次改性膨润土的脱色效果最佳。用50mg二次改性膨润土处理200mL浓度为30mg/L的活性艳红模拟印染废水时脱色率就可达90%以上,且沉降速度快,表现出良好的吸附、脱色、絮凝沉降的协同效应。     

表面活性剂光催化降解动力学研究

为了研究光催化法对不同电荷类型表面活性剂的降解性能,在紫外光照射下,用TiO2光催化剂对阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)、阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)和两性表面活性剂十八烷基甜菜碱(BS18)进行降解试验.同时,探讨了TiO2光催化剂加入量、表面活性剂初始质量浓度及初始pH对光降解的影响及其动力学过程.结果表明,3种表面活性剂的降解行为符合准一级动力学规律,3种表面活性剂降解速率快慢顺序为:BS18CTABSDS.SDS和BS18的最佳TiO2催化剂用量为1 g.L-1,而CTAB的最优用量为2g.L-1;CTAB和BS18的光降解速率随着活性剂初始质量浓度的增大而线性减小,SDS的降解速率则随活性剂初始质量浓度的增加而缓慢增大;CTAB和BS18在偏碱性条件下降解最快,而SDS在弱酸条件下具有最大的动力学降解速率.     

溴化1-十四烷基-3-甲基咪唑对小鼠的肝脏毒性及其作用机制

研究离子液体溴化1-十四烷基-3-甲基咪唑盐([C₁₄mim]Br)对小鼠的肝脏毒性及其作用机制。实验设立3个剂量的染毒组(1/16 LD₅₀、1/8 LD₅₀、1/4 LD₅₀)和1个空白对照组,考察昆明种小鼠染毒14 d后,[C₁₄mim]Br对小鼠血清生化指标、肝脏抗氧化酶活性及脂质过氧化产物的影响,并观察肝脏组织的病理变化。与对照组相比,小鼠染毒后,血清中ALT、AST、DBIL和γ-GT明显升高;肝组织受到不同程度的损伤,HSI增大,蛋白质含量降低。当染毒剂量为1/4 LD₅₀时,肝脏中SOD活性和GSH-Px活性显著降低,MDA的含量则明显增加。实验结果表明,[C₁₄mim]Br可损伤小鼠的肝脏功能,破坏机体的抗氧化防御系统,造成氧化损伤和脂质过氧化。     

废烟气回收管网保温的计算分析

铜陵市铜冠电工漆包线生产厂房的催化装置中产生大量温度高达500℃的烟气,该工业余热一直以废气的形式直接排放到大气中,造成热污染和能源浪费。回收该工业废热,利用该烟气余热直接驱动溴化锂吸收式制冷,不仅介绍了该技术的工艺特点,而且从传热学和工程热力学基本理论入手研究烟气回收管道保温的计算分析,建立管道等厚度保温层的管网计算模型和基本理论,为工程实践提供可借鉴计算模板。     

Variability of Flow and Solutes in the Rattaphum Catchment (Songkhla Lake Basin), Thailand

Pesticides can have a number of adverse impacts on crops, soil and water. In this paper, we focus on the physical and hydraulic properties of soils controlling the leaching of pesticides into the shallow groundwater of the Rattaphum Catchment in Thailand. Results from an analysis of soil physical properties, hydraulic conductivity, dye tracer and bromide tests show that the top 10–30 cm of soils in the three agro-ecosystems (vegetables, fruits and rubber) have a high clay and organic carbon content and are relatively impermeable with very low hydraulic conductivity (15–40 cm/day). Most of the dye and bromide were retained in the top clayey layer; the bromide forming a miniature bulge below 30 cm in two profiles which dissipated after 30 days, while the pesticides were mainly confined to the top 10 cm.     

铬天青S分光光度法测定痕量铝的研究

研究了铝-铬天青S（GAS）-溴化十六烷基吡啶（CPB）分光光度法测定水样中痕量铝的最佳实验条件。结果表明：铝-铬天青S（GAS）-溴化十六烷基吡啶（CPB）三元显色体系的最大吸收波长为640nm；．最佳显色时间30min；显色剂铬天青S（GAS）最佳用量2．00mL（0．5g／L）；最佳显色pH5．5。在实验确定的最佳条件下，测定结果有较好的稳定性，较高的准确度。     

PERCOLATE WATER AND BROMIDE MOVEMENT IN THE ROOT ZONE OF EFFLUENT IRRIGATION SITES1

ABSTRACT: A bromide tracer was used to evaluate percolate water and ion movement in the upper 1.2 m of soil at a proposed sewage effluent irrigation site located in the Missouri Ozarks. Two plots representing Doniphan silt loam and Crider silt loam soils were sprinkler irrigated with local ground water at a rate of 7.62 cm/week from June through August 1976. Soil water potential, percent soil moisture by volume, and background levels of bromide in soil water, ground water, and precipitation were measured at the study plots. Bromide exchange properties and saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soils were determined in the laboratory. During two selected time periods, irrigation water, was spiked with NaBr (5.0 mg/l Br). Bromide movement through the upper profile was quantified by soil water samples and post-sampling neutron activation analysis. Soil moisture was near saturatin in both soils when the Br tracer was applied. Bromide concentrations above background levels (0.023 mg/l Br, Doniphan silt loam and 0.016 mg/l Br, Crider silt loam) were detected within 2.60 hours at 0.9 m in the Doniphan soil and within 3.75 hours at that depth in the Crider soil. The rate of Br movement in the profile was greater in both soils than the measured saturated hydraulic conductivity, Bromide concentrations above background levels were present in soil water from the study plots for a minimum of 21 days after irrigation with the Br tracer.     

高铁酸钾处理水中十六烷基三甲基溴化铵

室温条件下采用新型氧化剂高铁酸钾(K2FeO4)处理十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)模拟废水,探讨反应时间、K2FeO4投加量及体系pH值等因素对CTAB去除率的影响.结果表明,反应时间、K2FeO4投加量及溶液pH值对CTAB的去除率均有不同程度的影响,当反应时间为30 min、K2FeO4投加量与处理液中CTAB质量比为1∶1、溶液pH为7时,K2FeO4对表面活性剂CTAB的去除率达79.4%.在反应过程中,K2FeO4的强氧化性与其还原产物的絮凝作用产生协同效应,其中K2FeO4在完全反应之前CTAB的去除主要依靠K2FeO4的强氧化作用,K2FeO4反应完全之后CTAB的去除则主要依靠K2FeO4还原产物的絮凝作用.同时进一步研究了CTAB被处理前后的红外光谱特征,结果表明CTAB在降解过程中经历了链的断裂并进一步被矿化为无机小分子.化学反应动力学研究结果表明K2FeO4与CTAB的反应符合二级反应动力学规律.     

铜基改性非碳基吸附剂汞脱除性能研究

对以CuCl2及CuBr2为活性物质,6种大比表面积非碳基载体制成的吸附剂在不同烟气条件下的汞吸附性能及价态分布进行了研究.在纯N2条件下以氧化铝、沸石、皂土为载体的吸附剂具有很高的汞脱除率.水蒸气会降低吸附剂的汞脱除率,SO2对非碳基吸附剂有抑制作用,对CuBr2改性吸附剂及以皂土为载体的吸附剂的影响尤为突出.NO的影响更多地取决于吸附剂载体的性质.HCl的加入对CuCl2改性吸附剂及以皂土为载体的吸附剂的汞脱除率有抑制效果.模拟真实烟气的作用是几种酸性气体的叠加.其中CuCl2改性氧化铝在所有烟气条件下均表现出较好的汞吸附性能及很高的汞氧化率.