典型化工废渣污染土壤中汞的空间分布规律研究

为阐明氯碱厂废渣堆积遗留场地中汞的空间分布规律,在某典型场地设置313个表层（0.5 m）、79个深层（0.5～13.5 m）土壤采样点位及6个地下水采样点位,分析所有土壤样品的总汞浓度、表层土壤的理化性质及地下水总汞浓度.结果显示：（1）该场地土壤汞污染严重,313个表层土壤样点汞检出浓度为0.002～579.14 mg·kg^-1,平均为8.43 mg·kg^-1,高于《土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准（试行）》中的风险管控值(6 mg·kg^-1).反距离权重法（IDW）及自然邻域法（NNI）对该场地的汞水平浓度分布的插值更为准确.（2）79个深层点位土壤垂向检测结果显示,土壤上层区域（0.5、1.5、2.5 m）汞污染浓度更高,3个深度层的汞浓度平均值分别为7.3、5.5、3.1 mg·kg^-1,2.5 m以下7个深度层的汞浓度平均值仅为（1.02±0.15）mg·kg^-1;汞垂向富集因子为0.4～32,大多数（66%）采样点位汞的富集因子（EF）随着土壤深度增加显著下...     

Fish consumption in pregnancy, cord blood mercury level and cognitive and psychomotor development of infants followed over the first three years of life: Krakow epidemiologic study

BACKGROUND: Although the maternal fish consumption is supposed to have beneficial effects on development of infants, it may be harmful for child cognitive development since fish is a common source of methylmercury. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Purpose of the study was to describe the usual pattern of fish consumption during pregnancy in Poland and explain the variability of prenatal mercury exposure due to fish intake by mothers. The other endpoint of the study was the assessment of the cognitive and psychomotor development of infants related to prenatal mercury exposure over the 3-year follow-up. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study sample consisted of 374 infants born at 33-42 weeks of gestation between January 2001 and March 2003 to mothers attending ambulatory prenatal clinics in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy. Total mercury level in whole cord blood was measured and the Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID-II) was used to assess the mental (MDI) and psychomotor developmental index (PDI) in children at 12, 24 and 36 months of age. RESULTS: Self-reported weekly amount of fish consumption during the first two trimesters of pregnancy correlated positively with umbilical cord mercury concentrations (r(s)=0.22, p<0.0001). The corresponding correlation coefficient for the fish consumption in the third trimester of pregnancy was 0.21, p<0.0001. There was an inverse association between mercury exposure and both MDI (beta regression coeff.=-2.8, p=0.01) and PDI scores (beta coeff.=-2.3, p=0.04) at 12 months of age. Subsequent BSID-II testing at 24 and 36 months did not confirm significant association between exposure and cognitive or psychomotor function. The estimates of association between mercury prenatal exposure and the development of infants, which were based on the longitudinal analysis of all BSID-II measurements done in the follow-up (generalized estimating equations statistical model) showed that the performance deficit observed at 12 months of age was of border significance.     

再悬浮作用对长江口潮滩Hg释放影响的实验室模拟研究

利用再悬浮装置研究不同扰动强度、不同盐度下,再悬浮作用对长江口中、低潮滩沉积物中Hg释放的影响.结果表明,在扰动期间,上覆水环境（pH、Eh、DO、TSS等）剧变.在再悬浮实验中,上覆水中HgD（溶解态汞）和HgP（颗粒态汞）含量分别主要集中在0.152～2.657μg.L-1、0.080～2.722μg.L-1范围内.再悬浮作用使得盐度为4.1‰、8.0‰、10.0‰、13.0‰条件下的中潮滩及盐度为13.0‰条件下的低潮滩都发生了汞释放,释放的汞含量为0.053～0.673μg.g-1,但对盐度为4.1‰、8.0‰、10.0‰条件下的低潮滩汞释放影响并不明显,这反映了上覆水盐度对再悬浮中汞释放具有重要影响.同时,也表明再悬浮作用对长江口中、低潮滩的Hg释放影响也有差异,中潮滩表现出了比低潮滩要明显的汞释放.扰动动力为（210±5）r.min-1时能明显增加汞的解吸,从而对汞释放产生影响.     

Mercury oxidation and adsorption characteristics of potassium permanganate modified lignite semi-coke

The adsorption characteristics of virgin and potassium permanganate modified lignite semi-coke (SC) for gaseous Hg⁰ were investigated in an attempt to produce more effective and lower price adsorbents for the control of elemental mercury emission. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) measurements, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to analyze the surface physical and chemical properties of SC, Mn-SC and Mn-H-SC before and after mercury adsorption. The results indicated that potassium permanganate modification had significant influence on the properties of semi-coke, such as the specific surface area, pore structure and surface chemical functional groups. The mercury adsorption efficiency of modified semi-coke was lower than that of SC at low temperature, but much higher at high temperature. Amorphous Mn⁷⁺, Mn⁶⁺ and Mn⁴⁺ on the surface of Mn-SC and Mn-H-SC were the active sites for oxidation and adsorption of gaseous Hg⁰, which oxidized the elemental mercury into Hg²⁺ and captured it. Thermal treatment reduced the average oxidation degree of Mn^x+ on the surface of Mn-SC from 3.80 to 3.46. However, due to the formation of amorphous MnO_x, the surface oxidation active sites for gaseous Hg⁰ increased, which gave Mn-H-SC higher mercury adsorption efficiency than that of Mn-SC at high temperature.     

广西北部湾地区大气颗粒物中总汞的测定

建立了采用自制的石英管加热处理样品,高锰酸钾溶液吸收释放的Hg0,盐酸羟胺还原过量的高锰酸钾后直接用HG-AFS测定广西北部湾地大气颗粒物中总汞的方法。结果表明,广西北部湾地区主要城市南宁、钦州、防城港和北海大气颗粒物中总汞的日平均浓度分别为0.49、0.43、0.52和0.43 ng/m3,远低于我国《居住区大气中有害物质的最高容许量》(TJ36-79)。该方法样品处理无需湿法消解,方法简便、快速,具有较低的检出限和较好的精密度,适合大气颗粒物中总汞的检测分析,可为汞污染控制提供可靠的数据。     

应用物种敏感度分布法研究中国无机汞的水生生物水质基准

基于中国的水生生物区系特征,筛选了包括植物、无脊椎动物和脊椎动物等90个水生生物的急性毒性数据,使用物种敏感度分布法探讨了各类物种的敏感度分布特征,推导了中国无机汞的水生生物水质基准.结果表明,甲壳类生物对无机汞最为敏感,Log-Slogistic3对各组数据拟合效果最佳.基于对全部数据的拟合结果,得出无机汞的急性水质基准和慢性水质基准分别是1.743和0.467μg.L-1.该基准值与其他国家使用类似统计外推法得到的基准值在同一数量级,但也存在着差异,反映了各国水生态系统物种组成的差异.中国无机汞水生生物水质基准的建立,旨在保护中国地表水生态系统中的水生生物免受无机汞的高浓度急性暴露以及低浓度慢性暴露产生的毒害效应.比较不同水体无机汞的浓度水平发现,除嘉陵江水体溶解态汞可能会对水生生物具有潜在风险外,西南地区地表水活性汞均不会对水生生物产生危害.     

大气汞形态分布的研究进展

归纳了大气中汞的形态和行为,并联系近年来国内外对海洋边界层大气汞的研究现状,介绍本实验室对厦门近海地区气态元素汞和颗粒态总汞同步监测的研究,考察厦门近海地区大气汞的分布特征及影响因素,以期补充近海地区汞污染数据,为汞污染控制和治理工作提供数据支持。提出了今后应进一步开展的研究方向。     

火电厂脱汞技术综述

火电厂烟气汞污染已受到高度重视,已成为科研机构当前重点研究内容之一。结合汞的形态特性,从煤燃烧前、燃烧中和燃烧后三方面综述了火电厂烟气脱汞技术最新进展。     

Mn-Ce/分子筛的脱汞特性研究

采用浸渍法在分子筛载体上负载活性锰、铈组分得到一种复合催化剂,在小型实验台架上考察了催化剂的脱汞性能,并对改性前后的样品进行XPS表征以研究制备的催化剂的活性组分的变化.结果表明负载锰、铈组分的催化剂在300~450℃内有较高的氧化单质汞的能力,特别是在450℃时单质汞的氧化效率仍保持在80%以上.催化剂具有较多的利于单质汞氧化的官能团,其主要靠化学吸附脱汞.烟气中的SO2与NO对单质汞的氧化有一定的抑制作用.     

有色冶金区土壤-玉米系统汞累积及健康风险

有色冶金区土壤重金属污染,尤其是汞污染一直受到广泛关注.为了了解葫芦岛市稻池村玉米地汞在土壤-玉米农田系统中的迁移转化,以葫芦岛市稻池村为研究对象,对该区域玉米地土壤Hg含量、分布特征、污染现状及玉米植株各器官Hg含量进行分析.玉米地土壤Hg含量范围为0.25~3.49 mg·kg-1,平均值1.78 mg·kg-1,是辽宁省土壤环境背景值的48倍.在锌厂周围2~3 km范围内,以锌厂为中心,随着距离的增大土壤Hg含量逐渐增加.地累积指数法评价结果表明,研究区玉米地土壤Hg污染均在中等污染以上,其中,属于严重污染的土壤样品占总样品的54.6%.运用Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法对玉米地土壤Hg潜在生态风险进行评价.潜在生态风险为极强的占72.7%.运用目标危险系数法(THQ)对暴露人体进行健康风险评价,结果表明,虽然土壤中富含汞,但是由于汞较难在土壤-玉米系统中迁移,因此籽粒中的汞富集并不高,食用玉米对人群没有明显的健康风险,但是儿童遭遇Hg健康风险要远高于成人,危险指数达到0.056.