关于水生生态系统中汞的国内外研究进展评述

本文介绍了国内外对于水生生态系统中汞的生物地球化学循环研究的各项进展,从汞对水生动植物的毒性、汞的迁移转化、甲基汞的形成以及甲基汞对食物链及人体健康的影响等几方面进行评述。     

Mo-Mn-ATP催化剂的脱汞性能研究

以盐酸活化凹土(ATP)为载体,采用浸渍法和变温处理法制备Mo-Mn-ATP催化剂,考察了Mo和Mn的总负载量、Mo和Mn的摩尔比、焙烧温度、反应温度等对催化剂催化氧化模拟烟气中Hg0性能的影响,并讨论了催化剂的抗硫性能。结果表明,Mo和Mn的总负载量10%、Mo和Mn的摩尔比1∶3、焙烧温度400℃、反应温度120℃时,Mo-Mn-ATP催化剂的脱汞效果最好,达96%。     

萨凡纳河流域TMDL计划执行案例研究

以美国萨凡纳河流域水质管理模式——最大日负荷量计划TMDL(total maximum daily load)执行案例为研究对象,简要分析了该计划内容、实施情况及效果评估,通过对该流域汞的TMDL计划的分析制定,提出了一些流域内河流汞分配的建议和方法,为今后我国在流域水环境的管理方面提供参考。     

Effects of environmental factors on low-molecular-weight peptides of fishes: a review

The present state of knowledge of the influence of heavy metals and some other environmental factors on fish metallothioneins, low-molecular-weight tissue polypeptides, is considered. The ecological-biochemical role of these polypeptides and their involvement in the development of adaptive responses of organs to heavy metal accumulation are demonstrated.Translated from Ekologiya, No. 1, 2005, pp. 48–54.Original Russian Text Copyright © 2005 by Smirnov, Sukhovskaya, Nemova.     

气相色谱法同时测定废气中的丙酮和丁酮

建立了用气相色谱法测定废气中丙酮和丁酮的方法。废气中丙酮和丁酮活性炭吸附,二硫化碳解吸,NNOWAX毛细管柱分离,直接进样分析,氢火焰离子化检测器检测,时间定性,峰面积定量,其丙酮回收率为91.6%～103.5%,丁酮回收率为90.2%～104.3%,当采样体积为30L,丙酮和丁酮最低检出质量浓度为0.001mg/m3。本方法前处理简便,分离度好干扰少,分析灵敏度高,有机试剂使用量少,满足环境分析要求。     

葫芦岛市有色冶金-化工区土壤与植物汞污染

通过对有色冶金-化工区土壤汞、植物汞空间特征的分析,确定不同源对土壤、植物的影响。土壤表层汞含量以锌冶炼厂和氯碱厂及其附近为中心,向外围辐散降低,呈双中心分布,其含量为0.055～14.575mg·kg-1,平均值为1.435mg·kg-1;植物叶汞含量为柳树(Salix)>榆树(Ulmus)>槐树(Sophora)>丁香(Cytisus)>杨树(Populus)>松树(Pinus)>柏树(Cyparissus),其汞含量为0.029～2.700mg·kg-1,平均为0.182mg·kg-1。植物汞的空间分布特征是以锌冶炼厂及其附近为中心,表明大气沉降作用对植物汞的含量有显著的影响,锌冶炼厂是植物汞含量的主要来源,有色冶金-化工区是我国汞污染最重的地区之一,其生态风险应引起重视。     

Mercury in coal and its emission by coal combustion in the Northeast China

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中药中汞的形态分析方法、生物有效性与毒性效应研究

朱砂作为许多传统中药的有效成分,在我国已有数千年的应用历史.然而,这些中药中超标的汞含量已成为近年来中药出口的最大壁垒.研究中药中汞的赋存形态及不同形态的毒性效应和生物有效性,有助于辩证地理解中药中汞含量与毒性效应的关系,为科学地制定中药中汞的限量标准提供有力的依据.     

Use of molecular and In Silico bioinformatic tools to investigate pesticide binding to insect (Lepidoptera) phenoloxidases (PO): Insights to toxicological aspects

In the present work, the promising bioinformatic tools, based on structure–affinity analysis, allowed to screen several pesticides supposed to bind to the insect immune Phenoloxidases (PO). First, the binding of aminoparathion, a reference compound, to the PO was structurally (3D) validated in accordance with previous reports. Second, using the same docking conditions, a range of pesticides was checked for their binding ability to the crystal 3D structure (PDB 3HSS) of the insect Manduca sexta (Lepidoptera) PO. The obtained data showed that many of the tested pesticides were able to bind, in silico, to M. sexta PO. The combination of in vitro (chemical and biochemical) and in silico (automated docking) approaches was found advantageous to elucidate the behavior of phenolic pesticides as substrate-analogues when binding to the active site of insect POs. Our findings emphasize new ecotoxicological aspects of pesticide residues in the agro-chemical and environmental circles.     

Genotoxic fungicide methyl thiophanate as an oxidative stressor inducing 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′ -deoxyguanosine adducts in DNA and mutagenesis

Dimethyl 4,4′ -(O-phenylene)bis(3-thioallophanate), commonly known as methyl thiophanate (MT), is a systemic fungicide and suspected carcinogen to humans. In this study, the oxidative potential of this category-III acute toxicant has been ascertained based on its capacity of inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and promutagenic 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2′ -deoxyguanosine (8-oxodG) adducts in DNA. The discernible MT dose-dependent reduction in fluorescence intensity of a cationic dye rhodamine (Rh-123) in human lymphocytes and increased fluorescence intensity of 2′,7′-Dichlorodihydro fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) treated cells signifies decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (Δ Ψ m) due to intracellular ROS generation. The ³²P-post-labeling assay demonstrated the MT-induced 8-oxodG adduct formation in calf thymus DNA. Thus, it is concluded that MT, as a potent oxidative stressor, produces ROS leading to mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative DNA damage and mutagenesis.