石墨棒阳极电化学氧化降解甲基橙

以石墨棒为阳极,采用电化学氧化法降解水溶液中甲基橙。通过紫外可见光谱和HPLC分析初步鉴定了甲基橙降解过程中的部分中间产物;通过硝酸银滴定法证明了使用的支持电解质氯化钠能参与并促进氮氮双键和苯环的破坏;通过紫外可见光谱、COD的变化考察了电解质的种类及浓度、电极种类、修饰及形状、槽电压和酸碱度等参数对石墨棒阳极降解甲基橙能力的影响。实验结果表明,以石墨棒为阳极、以石墨棒或者铜环为阴极组成的二维电极体系,和以石墨棒为阳极、以铜环为阴极并填充活性炭组成的三维电极体系,在氯化钠水溶液中均能有效降解甲基橙,20 min后脱色率超过95%,3 h后COD去除率超过90%。     

Degradation of MTBE and TBA by a new isolate from MTBE-contaminated soil

Methyl ten-butyl ether （MTBE）, a gasoline additive, possesses serious problems to the environmental health. In the present study, a bacterial culture named A-3 which could effectively degrade MTBE was isolated from the MTBE contaminated soil. The isolate was identified as Chryseobacterium sp., a new species capable of degrading MTBE. In order to enhance its degradation ability, selected environment factors were investigated. The results showed that the optimal temperature was in the range of 25-30℃, the pH was 7.0, the inoculum size was 2 × 10^8 CFU/ml and the optimal concentration of MTBE was from 50 to 100 mg/L. The maximum MTBE utilization rate （Vmax） was 102 nmol MTBE/（mg cell protein.h）. Furthermore, it was found that the isolate could also degrade tert-butyl alcohol （TBA）. The degradation rates of TBA were much faster than those of MTBE. The additional TBA would lead to the decrease of the initial MTBE degradation rate and the inhibitory effect of TBA increased with the increase of TBA concentration. Similar protein profiles at least seven peptides were demonstrated after SDS-PAGE analysis of crude extracts obtained from the cells growing in MTBE and TBA culture.     

Biodegradation of methyl parathion by Acinetobacter radioresistens USTB-04

Biodegradation of methyl parathion (MP),a widely used organophosphorus pesticide,was investigated using a newly isolated bacterium strain Acinetobacter radioresistens USTB-04.MP at an initial concentration of 1200 mg/L could be totally biodegraded by A.radioresistens USTB-04 as the sole carbon source less than 4 d in the presence of phosphate and urea as phosphorus and nitrogen sources,respectively.Biodegradation of MP was also achieved using cell-free extract of A.radioresistens USTB-04.MP at an initial concentration of 130 mg/L was completely biodegraded in 2 h in the presence of cell-free extract with a protein concentration of 148.0 mg/L,which was increased with the increase of pH from 5.0 to 8.0.Contrary to published reports,no intermediate or final degradation metabolites of MP could be observed.Thus we suggest that the cleavage of C--C bond on the benzene ring other than P-O bond may be the biodegradation pathway of MP by A.radioresistens USTB-04.     

甲基叔丁基醚降解菌的驯化与筛选

为了筛选降解甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)的优势菌种,调查了不同来源土壤土著菌的降解潜力.应用不同的驯化方式以MTBE为惟一碳源,在好氧的条件下,驯化、筛选出高效降解混合菌株,为现场应用打好基础.并从中分离得到6株高降解性的单一菌株,对其进行了初步鉴定,为进一步研究其降解途径做好准备.对单一菌株与混合菌株的降解效果进行了比较.结果表明,混合菌株的降解效果要明显高于单一菌株.     

Mn2+-WO3-TiO2光催化降解甲基橙的研究

溶胶-凝胶和浸渍相结合的方法制备Mn2+-WO3-TiO2光催化剂,进行甲基橙的光催化降解实验,考察WO3和Mn2+掺入量、焙烧温度及时间对光催化性能的影响。结果表明,500℃焙烧2h,掺杂量n(Mn2+)∶n(WO3)∶n(TiO2)=0.8∶1∶100时,光催化活性最高,光催化降解甲基橙溶液,120min后,降解率达84%,比单纯TiO2的光催化活性提高83%。     

聚乙烯醇降解酶产生菌发酵培养基响应面法优化研究

为了提高假单胞菌Pseudomonas.sp XT11-Z90S产聚乙烯醇降解酶的能力,用Plackett-Buman实验和响应面分析实验对影响产聚乙烯醇降解酶的9个因素,即发酵培养基的9种组成成分进行了研究,并探讨了影响产酶的主要因素和培养基的最佳组成.结果表明,影响产聚乙烯醇降解酶的3个重要组成为葡萄糖、酵母膏和硫酸铵,其最适浓度分别为0.64、0.22和1.45g.L-1.在最佳浓度和组成条件下,聚乙烯醇降解酶最高酶活为13.5U.mL-1,与优化前的12.1U.mL-1相比,提高了11.6%,且其降解率6h时可达到35.5%.     

用上流式生物反应器降解甲基叔丁基醚

用上流式生物反应器（UFBR）降解甲基叔丁基醚（MTBE）,研究了水力停留时间（HRT）和进水中MTBE质量浓度对MTBE去除率的影响。实验结果表明：在进水中MTBE质量浓度为25mg／L、HRT为18．6h的条件下,MTBE的去除率为84．13％;在HRT为18．6h、进水中MTBE质量浓度低于15mg／L的条件下,MTBE的去除率达92％以上。UFBR符合Eckenfelder动力学模型。     

等离子体降解水相中有机污染物的机理研究

研究了等离子体在内电极通氧条件下降解水相中甲基紫的机理。研究表明，甲基紫的降解率与等离子体的电压和处理时间呈线性关系、与甲基紫溶液的浓度呈指数关系，溶液的pH随着处理时间的增加而下降：100mg/L甲基紫经等离子体外理3s，其降解率可达95%以上，COD下降50%左右；在等离子体条件下，甲基紫溶液的降解是氧原子、电子、活性自由基和离子等共同的作用的结果。     

空气和废气中醛酮污染物的气相色谱测定

以２,４－二硝基肼酸性饱和溶液吸收空气和废气中的醛和酮所形成的腙衍生物用毛细管气相色谱分析。本法预处理回收率在９４％以上,最低检测限为０．０５－０．１ｎｇ,可测定空气和车间空气中挥发性和半挥发性醛和酮类污染物。     

生物样品中甲磺基多氯联苯的测定及手性拆分

建立了一种生物样品中甲磺基多氯联苯(MeSO2-PCBs)及其手性对映体的分析测定方法.本方法利用索氏抽提对鱼肉组织进行提取,抽提液依次经凝胶渗透色谱柱、氧化铝硅胶复合柱和弗罗里硅土柱进行净化和分离,气相色谱-质谱联用仪进行分析.10个流程空白中,所有目标化合物都低于仪器检出限;17种MeSO2-PCBs在5个空白加标中的平均回收率在77.2%—98.2%之间;样品平行样中目标化合物含量相对标准偏差均小于15%;方法检测限为0.3—20.0 pg.g-1湿重.采用Cyclosil-B手性柱拆分5种MeSO2-PCBs手性对映体,分离度在0.671—2.543之间.