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221.
The US Department of Defense (DOD) manages over 10.1 million ha of land, much of which is used for training military personnel.
However, vast sections receive little or no use, and military lands have become refuges for many species. At Fort McCoy, Wisconsin,
USA, populations of the endangered Karner blue butterfly (Lycaeides melissa samuelis) are found in oak and pine barren communities where wild lupine (Lupinus perennis), a perennial forb required by Karner blue butterfly larvae, still occurs. Oak and pine barren communities are disturbance-dependent,
and the barrens ecosystems in the Midwest have declined in extent by 98% because of fire suppression, succession, and habitat
fragmentation. We studied the effects of disturbance by military manuever training on the density of lupine and Karner blue
butterfly at Fort McCoy. We also wanted to determine whether military training activity could enhance Karner blue butterfly
habitat.
At locations where tracked vehicles had driven through lupine patches, the abundance of lupine and nectar-producing plants
was greater in the median strip between vehicle ruts than in vehicle ruts or 5 m outside the vehicle ruts. The proportion
of lupine stems with Karner blue butterfly larvae feeding sign (the ratio of stems fed upon to stems examined) was greater
in areas where military vehicles had traveled than where they had not. The proportion of lupine stems with feeding sign and
lupine stem density was also positively related to the occurrence of prior bivouacs and fires caused by military munitions.
Shrub and forest canopy abundance were lower in areas traveled by tracked vehicles. At the scale of the lupine patch, lupine
abundance and the proportion of lupine stems with feeding sign were positively correlated with military training activities,
suggesting that maintenance of lupine habitat can be achieved in concert with military training. 相似文献
222.
A. H. M. Johnson G. C. Lalor J. Preston H. Robotham C. Thompson M. K. Vutchkov 《Environmental geochemistry and health》1996,18(3):113-121
A regional survey of Jamaican surface soils has been conducted in which more than 200 samples were collected at a sample density of 1 per 64 km2 across the island and analysed for total concentrations of 31 elements by instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA), energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analysis and atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The aim of the survey was to begin the construction of a high-precision geochemical database to provide information on elemental levels in soils for application to environmental studies, agriculture, and human and animal health. Results on the regional scale are presented for As, Cd, Cu, Hg and Pb. Although Jamaican surface soils are enriched in several heavy metals compared with world soil means and crustal abundances, lead is of particular importance at this stage because of its occurrence in residential areas. Except for Cu, the distribution maps of these elements are highly correlated with bauxite which in Jamaica is associated with white limestone geology and residualterra rossa soils. 相似文献
223.
基于氨氮与纳氏试剂进行显色反应的原理,建立反应体系为1 mL的小体系淡水中氨氮的测定方法。新方法的显色剂用量为20μL、显色时间为10~30 min、盐度<0.5%、pH值为3~11,纳氏试剂以6 000 r/min、5 min进行离心处理,采用酶标仪96孔板在420 nm波长下测定显色反应溶液的吸光度。将该方法与《水质氨氮的测定纳氏试剂分光光度法》(HJ 535—2009)(国标法)测定氨氮的吸光度进行正交验证,结果表明2种方法具有良好的拟合度。新方法的检测范围从国标法的0~2.0 mg/L提升到0~4.8 mg/L。方法测定淡水中氨氮的质量浓度具有简便、连续、快速、高批量的优点,适用于实地、实时地测定淡水中的氨氮。 相似文献
224.
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226.
动力学光度法测定环境样品中微量钒 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
本文研究了V(Ⅳ)对Cr_2O_7~(2-)-I~--淀粉氧化还原反应体系的诱导作用,以此为基础提出了一种测定微量钒的动力学新方法,并建立了测定最佳条件:[Cr_2O_7~(2-)]=8.4×10~(-5)mol·L~(-1),[I~-]=2.1×10~(-3)mol·L~(-1),pH=2.1,585nm。在此条件下,钒(Ⅳ)含量在0—6.6μg·ml~(-1)范围内符合比尔定律,方法检测限为0.02μgV(IV)·ml~(-1)。除Fe~(3+),Fe~(2+),Sn~(2+),Ti~(3+)外,其它共存离子不影响测定。用本方法测定了几种环境样品中的微量钒,结果满意,标准加入回收率为95.1—98.3%。 相似文献
227.
在酸性介质中,痕量Hg(Ⅱ)能显著催化空气中的O2氧化K4[Fe(CN)6],生成蓝色化合物,反应对Hg(Ⅱ)为一级,催化反应的表观活化能为62.95kJ·mol-1.据此建立了测定痕量Hg(Ⅱ)的动力学分析法,测定条件为K4[Fe(CN)6]:1.4×10-3mol·L-1,[CH3COOH]:0.14mol·L-1,75℃.在此条件下,线性测定范围为0.02—0.70μg·ml-1.本法重现性好,常见共存离子中除Ag(I)严重干扰外,其余离子不影响测定.测定了水样及污泥样品中的Hg含量,结果满意 相似文献
228.
229.
研究了用火焰原子吸收分光光度法直接测定水和废水中的总铬。通过不同条件的实验 ,确定了最佳的分析条件 ;并通过标准样品和实际样品的分析 ,验证了方法的准确度和精密度。在实验基础上 ,建立空白试验、准确度质量控制图 ,以便定期对各种监测数据提供可行的质量保证措施。实验结果表明 :该法快速方便 ,提高了分析效率 ,准确度高 ,精密度好 ,值得普及和推广 相似文献
230.