Best practice recommendations for scale construction in organizational research: The development and initial validation of the Character Strength Inventory (CSI)

Proper scale development and validation provide the necessary foundation to facilitate future quantitative research in the organizational sciences. Using the framework provided by the Researcher's Notebook , the purpose of this study is twofold. First, we present a modern summary of best practice procedures for scale development, reliability analysis, and validity analysis. Second, we explain and illustrate these best practice procedures by describing each procedure in the context of developing and psychometrically analyzing a new Character Strength Inventory (CSI). Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

水稻土壤组分去除有机质和游离氧化铁后对As5+吸附解吸特征的影响

采用平衡液吸附法、NaCl解吸剂解吸法研究了名山河流域水稻土原土及各粒径组分去除有机质和游离氧化铁后对砷(As~(5+))的吸附解吸特性,同时运用热力学和动力学方法,研究了去除有机质、游离氧化铁后的土壤微团聚体(0.25~2 mm、0.053~0.25 mm、0.002~0.053 mm、0.002 mm)对砷(As~(5+))的吸附解吸过程。结果表明:1)同时去除有机质和游离氧化铁后,水稻土原土及各粒径组分对砷(As~(5+))的吸附量有所减小,吸附量从大到小依次为(0.002 mm)、0.002~0.053 mm、原土、0.25~2 mm、0.053~0.25 mm。砷(As~(5+))的动力学吸附量随时间延长而逐渐降低,60 min内反应迅速,在600min达到吸附动态平衡,动力学吸附以Elovich方程拟合最佳;2)等温吸附量随砷(As~(5+))的初始质量浓度增加逐渐增加,初始质量浓度0~100 mg/L时反应快速,在砷(As~(5+))初始质量浓度达到160 mg/L时吸附趋于饱和,等温吸附以Freundlich方程拟合最佳;3)易解吸量随时间和浓度的增加而增加,易解吸率顺序与吸附量顺序相反,易解吸率也随着有机质、游离氧化铁含量的减少而增加;4)去除土壤中的有机质、游离氧化铁后,砷的吸附减少量随时间和浓度增加而增加,吸附减少量与有机质、游离氧化铁去除量呈正比。     

铁碳微电解法预处理染料废水的研究

采用铁碳微电解法对颜料的实际生产废水进行降解研究。结果表明,pH值为3,铁碳比为1：2,反应时间120 min,曝气的条件下,染料废水的处理效果最好,色度去除达到80%以上,COD的去除率也超过50%以上,可生化性由0.21提高到0.43。     

中国表层土壤有机质空间分布模拟分析方法研究

气候变化背景下,对土壤有机碳的研究是目前大尺度上土壤性质研究的热点。基于第二次全国土壤普查5 374个典型土壤剖面数据,分析表层土壤有机质(20 cm)与环境因素的相关关系,利用多元回归模型和HASM模型结合的方法模拟中国国家尺度上表层土壤有机质含量的空间分布格局,探讨该方法的模拟误差,为国家尺度上有机碳的估算提供方法参考。研究结果表明,对350个检验点模拟结果的平均绝对误差和平均相对误差为15.61 g.kg-1和56.59%,与普通克里格法相比分别降低了1.61 g.kg-1和20.84%;对样点分布较少以及无样点的西北地区和台湾省的模拟结果也更符合实际情况。建模样点减少一半的情况下,模拟结果的平均绝对误差和平均相对误差仅分别增加了0.14 g.kg-1和1.07%。因此,论文方法可作为模拟国家尺度上有机质空间分布相对有效的方法,同时如何使模型解释更多的土壤有机质空间变异将是进一步提高模拟精度的关键。     

南方丘陵山区典型地物景观特征尺度研究

景观的特征尺度反映了人与自然交互作用的空间过程,合理识别景观空间结构及其特征尺度有助于遥感影像景观空间异质性分析。论文以地处南方丘陵山区的福建省福州市为研究区,针对城市、农田、森林与水域4种地物景观,基于SPOT 10 m影像,分别利用半方差分析、小波分析与平均局部方差方法,开展景观特征尺度研究。结果表明:①不同景观类型的空间异质性差异较大,其中森林景观空间异质性最大,其次为城市、农田景观,水域的空间异质性最小;②小波方差分析和半方差分析分别检测到两个不同的特征尺度,而局部方差仅仅检测到较小的空间结构;③森林景观特征尺度比通常偏小,与南方丘陵山区破碎地形有关,城市景观更多体现为人类活动的影响,南方丘陵山区城市景观至少具有两种不同的空间结构,其特征尺度均较小,农田景观特征尺度最大。基于小波分析与半方差各自的特点,总结提炼出综合两种方法合理识别景观特征尺度的基本流程,即:首先开展小波分析,然后在此基础上利用半方差分析多种理论模型组合从而获得更详细的特征尺度信息,模型组合个数与参数初始值依据小波分析的结果而定。     

Modeling Flow,Nutrient, and Sediment Delivery from a Large International Watershed Using a Field‐Scale SWAT Model

A large international watershed, the St. Clair‐Detroit River System, containing both extensive urban and agricultural areas, was modeled using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The watershed, located in southeastern Michigan, United States, and southwestern Ontario, Canada, encompasses the St. Clair, Clinton, Detroit (DT), Sydenham (SY), Upper, and Lower Thames subwatersheds. The SWAT input data and model resolution (i.e., hydrologic response units, HRUs), were established to mimic farm boundaries, the first time this has been done for a watershed of this size. The model was calibrated (2007–2015) and validated (2001–2006) with a mix of manual and automatic methods at six locations for flow and water quality at various time scales. The model was evaluated using Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency and percent bias and was used to explore major water quality issues. We showed the importance of allowing key parameters to vary among subwatersheds to improve goodness of fit, and the resulting parameters were consistent with subwatershed characteristics. Agricultural sources in the Thames and SY subwatersheds and point sources from DT subwatershed were major contributors of phosphorus. Spatial distribution of phosphorus yields at HRU and subbasin levels identified locations for potential management targeting for both point and nonpoint sources and revealed that in some subwatersheds nonpoint sources are dominated by urban sources.     

Development of a new scale to measure subjective career success: A mixed‐methods study

Career success is a main focus of career scholars as well as organizational stakeholders. Historically, career success has been conceptualized and measured in an objective manner, mainly as salary, rank, or number of promotions. However, the changing nature of work has also necessitated a change in the way many employees view success, adding a more subjective component. Although there has been theoretical discussion and calls to develop a comprehensive measure of subjective career success, no contemporary comprehensive quantitative measure exists. The goal of this study was to create and validate a measure of subjective career success, titled the Subjective Career Success Inventory (SCSI). The SCSI includes 24 items that address subjective career success via eight dimensions. The scale was developed and validated through four phases of data collection, beginning with interviews and focus groups, followed by item sorting tasks, then item refinement through confirmatory factor analysis, and finally convergent and discriminant validity quantitative analysis. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

双向微槽道多孔复合结构沸腾传热研究

目的研究出新型的表面结构,以提高沸腾传热强化。方法在紫铜板上烧结铜粉多孔层,然后利用线切割对多孔层进行开槽。研究槽道参数包括槽数、槽宽、槽间距和槽向等对沸腾传热效果的影响。结果开槽增大了传热的表面积,有利于气体逸出,减少气体的逸出阻力,从而多孔表面开槽强化了沸腾传热效果,传热系数与光滑表面相比可提高2~3倍。与单向微槽道相比,双向交叉槽道有着更好的传热效果,能够形成一个稳定的液体补充和气体逸出网络。结论在多孔表面加工微型复合结构,能够大幅度提高沸腾传热强化。     

微污染水脱氮除磷工艺浅析

因水体富营养化问题及城市供水水源污染问题,人们越来越关注微污染水的治理研究问题,传统的污水处理工艺已无法满足微污染水的处理要求。"曝气生物滤池-生物脱氮滤池-双层除磷滤池"工艺,是一种投资小处理率高的生物处理技术,能很好地解决微污染水脱氮除磷问题,使处理后的出水达到地表水环境质量Ⅲ类水体标准。     

衣康酸/苯乙烯磺酸共聚物的合成及其阻垢性能研究

以衣康酸(IA)和苯乙烯磺酸(SSA)为原料,合成IA／SSA共聚物阻垢剂,确定的最佳合成条件：反应温度为103℃,反应时间为2h,引发剂用量为7％(占单体总质量),IA：SSA质量比为2．8：1。在此工艺条件下合成的IA／SSA共聚物阻垢剂,其阻碳酸钙垢的阻垢率可达99％。