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991.
沸石强化A/O同步脱氮除磷工艺的生物-化学除磷研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
沸石强化了生物硝化作用,但回流的硝酸盐在A段抑制了聚磷菌释放磷,使生物脱氮工艺无除磷效果,需要化学除磷。铝盐和铁盐均具有很好的化学除磷效果,且与投加位置无关。当按磷与铝的摩尔比1∶1.5投加Al2(SO4)3·18H2O时,磷的去除率在85%以上;当按磷与铁的摩尔比1∶1投加FeSO4·7H2O时,磷的去除率在80%以上;当在A段投加20mgLFeSO4·7H2O和30mgLAl2(SO4)3·18H2O混合除磷剂能去除沸石强化AO生物脱氮工艺90%左右的磷,使磷达到出水排放标准。 相似文献
992.
以北京、上海、广州、兰州、昆明等5个城市30个中等收入城市家庭为研究对象,探讨了家庭规模、家庭结构对生活污水排放特征的影响.结果表明,城市家庭生活污水中各污染物排放量随家庭规模增大而增大,其中受家庭规模经济影响,COD、BOD的排放强度呈现出较为明显的边际递减规律,而TN、TP主要受家庭居民个体因素影响;综合考虑家庭规模、家庭结构的影响,首次提出家庭污染等效因子,把所考察的家庭转换成“等价(参照)家庭”,相对于参照家庭而言,所考察的家庭的污染排放状况与家庭污染等效因子成正比,由此反映不同家庭类型与生活污水排放之间的特定关系. 相似文献
993.
农地城市流转驱动机制的时空尺度效应分析 总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2
协调好经济发展和农地保护的矛盾是实现我国社会经济可持续发展战略的重要基础,农地城市流转是这一矛盾的焦点。农地城市流转在不同的规模尺度上具有不同的特征,某个研究尺度上的影响因子可能在其它尺度上并不发生作用。论文从影响农地城市流转的社会经济因素出发,应用1999~2004年省级数据分析了不同时空尺度下农地城市流转的驱动机制。研究表明,影响因子本身及其影响系数随研究尺度发生不同程度的变化。其中,我国农地城市流转驱动机制的时间尺度效应表现为,GDP、固定资产投资和人口增长一直是影响农地城市流转的主要因素,但随着时间的推移,各个影响因素对农地城市流转的推动作用不同;我国农地城市流转驱动机制的空间尺度效应表现为,固定资产投资和GDP对东部省份农地城市流转的影响最明显,产业结构升级和固定资产投资对中部省份农地城市流转的影响最明显,而GDP和总人口对西部省份农地城市流转的影响最明显,各个影响因素对不同区域农地城市流转的推动方向也不同。根据上述的研究结果,文章提出了相应的政策建议。 相似文献
994.
This article attempts to study both returns to scale and optimal size of production. Specifically, the authors estimate a ray-homothetic production function which allows the returns to scale to vary with ouput size and input mix. The production model is estimated using data from the Welsh coal industry for the period 1961–1976. Findings showed that, first, the Welsh coal industry suffers from a level of production which is either too small or below its optimal level and, second, this discrepancy between actual and optimal production worsened over the period considered. 相似文献
995.
It is usually inappropriate to define rectangular land areas or administrative units as the extent for quantifying landscapes
that possess hierarchical structure. As a functional unit established by geophysical relationships, the watershed is one of
many natural scales in the hierarchical landscape. We examined the dynamics of the Yashiro watershed of Japan at the landscape
level using pattern metrics based on Landsat thematic mapper (TM) imagery from 1985 to 1998. This watershed provides important
habitats for the hooded crane (Grus monachus), a vulnerable species. While its world population has remained stable, the number wintering at Yashiro has declined in recent
years. Changes in landscape metrics reveal that the spatial pattern within the watershed underwent homogenization due to depopulation
of local people and shifts in local energy requirements and forest management policy at Yashiro. Specific changes include:
a decrease in bare land area from 6.2% to 1.0% of the landscape, increased forest cover from 69.2% to 76.1%, reduction in
patch number from 1194 to 616 and enlarged mean patch size, and a decrease in total edge from 223,740 m to 158,040 m. The
rate of change in landscape metrics indicates a rapid change towards homogeneity in the landscape since 1990. The temporal
changes in hooded crane populations corresponded to the changes in landscape. An alternative explanation has been proposed
that decline of the species is influenced by landscape dynamics affecting both habitat selection and food resources. Conservation
at the watershed scale is suggested to be complementary to the current conservation measures of the species. 相似文献
996.
The patterns of living, planning, and resource utilization as practiced in Western countries for decades are not sustainable; change of some sort is essential. But what changes are appropriate, and, perhaps more important, will people accept them? The small experiment framework provides a strategy for meeting the challenge of change. By encouraging participation, limiting the scale of initial change, and incorporating some aspects of the familiar, many of the difficulties that make change so problematic can be mitigated or even eliminated. An exploration, from a psychological perspective, of the characteristic difficulties surrounding potential change provides the context for a discussion of the components of the small experiment and an analysis of how these elements address these characteristic challenges. A comparison to adaptive management is drawn, and several concrete examples illustrate how the strategy has been used successfully to address a variety of environmental problems. 相似文献
997.
不同尺度的区域城镇土地基准地价平衡研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
区域基准地价平衡是区域城镇基准地价评估的重要内容,对地价管理具有重要的现实意义。分析了不同尺度基准地价平衡的内涵、实质及不同尺度平衡的机理,运用多种方法从宏观尺度的城镇间基准地价平衡、中观尺度的土地级别之间基准地价平衡、微观尺度地块间的区片价平衡进行了研究。以广西县级市——桂平市为例,对桂平市所辖的28个城镇基准地价平衡进行了实例研究,为区域城镇基准地价平衡提供了实用的模式与方法,为培育、发展城镇土地市场奠定了基础。 相似文献
998.
999.
Abstract: The spatial scale and location of land whose development has the strongest influence on aquatic ecosystems must be known to support land use decisions that protect water resources in urbanizing watersheds. We explored impacts of urbanization on streams in the West River watershed, New Haven, Connecticut, to identify the spatial scale of watershed imperviousness that was most strongly related to water chemistry, macroinvertebrates, and physical habitat. A multiparameter water quality index was used to characterize regional urban nonpoint source pollution levels. We identified a critical level of 5% impervious cover, above which stream health declined. Conditions declined with increasing imperviousness and leveled off in a constant state of impairment at 10%. Instream variables were most correlated (0.77 ≤ |r| ≤ 0.92, p < 0.0125) to total impervious area (TIA) in the 100‐m buffer of local contributing areas (~5‐km2 drainage area immediately upstream of each study site). Water and habitat quality had a relatively consistent strong relationship with TIA across each of the spatial scales of investigation, whereas macroinvertebrate metrics produced noticeably weaker relationships at the larger scales. Our findings illustrate the need for multiscale watershed management of aquatic ecosystems in small streams flowing through the spatial hierarchies that comprise watersheds with forest‐urban land use gradients. 相似文献
1000.