氮磷浓度对东海原甲藻优势种群吸附BDE28和BDE47的影响

以东海原甲藻为优势种群的浮游微藻作为研究对象,在不同氮浓度(0、128、512μmol·L-1)和磷浓度(0、8、32μmol·L-1)下培养,研究了氮、磷浓度对东海原甲藻优势种群生化组成和吸附2,4,4’-三溴联苯醚(BDE28)和2,2’,4,4’-四溴联苯醚(BDE47)的影响,分析了东海原甲藻优势种群对BDE28和BDE47的吸附量与生化组成的相关性.结果表明,氮浓度为0μmol·L-1时,单位细胞对BDE28和BDE47的吸附量分别为2.2 ng·(106cells)-1和2.9 ng·(106cells)-1,是氮为128μmol·L-1和512μmol·L-1浓度的1.3～1.9倍.不同氮浓度之间单位体积藻液吸附量和对BDE28和BDE47的吸附百分数均没有显著差异,单位体积藻液吸附量范围为0.160～0.184 ng·mL-1,吸附百分数为80.2%～92.1%.磷浓度为0μmol·L-1时,单位细胞BDE28和BDE47的吸附量分别为7.6 ng·(106cells)-1和8.4 ng·(106cells)-1,是磷为8μmol·L-1、32μmol·L-1浓度时的5.4～6倍,单位体积藻液吸附量和吸附百分数在不同磷浓度间未出现显著差异,单位体积藻液的吸附量为0.167～0.194 ng·mL-1,吸附百分数为80.2%～93.2%.相关性分析表明,氮浓度与单位细胞BDE28和BDE47的吸附量呈负相关,磷浓度与单位体积吸附量和吸附百分数呈正相关;同时,吸附量与总脂呈正相关关系.氮、磷浓度导致东海原甲藻优势种群细胞的生化组成发生变化,进一步引起对BDE28和BDE47吸附的变化.     

Experimental investigation of energy properties for Stigonematales sp. microalgae as potential biofuel feedstock

Microalgae has been considered potential biofuel source from the last decade owing to its versatile perspectives such as excellent capability of CO₂ capture and sequestration, water treatment, prolific growth rate and enormous energy content. Thus, energy research on microalgae is being harnessed to mitigate CO₂ and meet future energy demands. This study investigated the bioenergy potential of native blue-green microalgae consortium as initial energy research on microalgae in Brunei Darussalam. The local species of microalgae were assembled from rainwater drains, the species were identified as Stigonematales sp. and physical properties were characterised. Sundried biomass with moisture content ranging from 6.5% to 7.37% was measured to be used to determine the net and gross calorific value and they were 7.98 MJ/kg-8.57 MJ/kg and 8.70 MJ/kg-9.45 MJ/kg, respectively. Besides that, the hydrogen content, ash content, volatile matter, and bulk density were also experimented and they were 2.56%-3.15%, 43.6%-36.71%, 57–38%-63.29% and 661.2 kg/m³-673.07 kg/m³, respectively. Apart from experimental values, other physical bioenergy parameters were simulated and they were biomass characteristic index 61,822.29 kg/m³-62,341.3 kg/m³, energy density 5.27 GJ/m³-5.76G J/m³ and fuel value index 86.19–88.54. With these experimental results, microalgae manifested itself a potential source of biofuel feedstock for heat and electricity generation, a key tool to bring down the escalated atmospheric greenhouse gases and an alternation for fossil fuel.     

苯并[α]芘对海洋微藻生长及细胞特征的影响

采用急性毒性实验方法,研究了苯并[α]芘(B[α]P)对3种海洋微藻生长和细胞特征的影响。结果表明,B[α]P对3种海洋微藻生长的抑制呈显著的时间-剂量效应,其96 h半数效应浓度依次为:湛江等鞭金藻17.00μg/L,塔溪堤等鞭金藻25.18μg/L,牟氏角毛藻83.06μg/L。高浓度B[α]P胁迫96 h后,3种海洋微藻细胞体积和细胞内容物颗粒均有增加,而藻细胞叶绿素含量却随着B[α]P浓度的增加而降低。这一研究说明,B[α]P对微藻细胞形态及光合能力均能造成明显影响,并可抑制藻细胞数量的增长。B[α]P对藻细胞的抑制作用存在种的差异性,相对来说,金藻类微藻对B[α]P更为敏感。     

菹草乙酸乙酯组分抑藻活性物质的分离纯化和鉴定

前期研究表明,菹草乙酸乙酯组分能显著抑制赤潮微藻米氏凯伦藻的生长.在此基础上,采用硅胶柱层析和硅胶GF254薄层层析等方法,分离纯化菹草乙酸乙酯组分中的抑藻活性物质.进一步应用质谱、核磁共振碳谱和氢谱等技术,鉴定抑藻活性物质.结果表明,从菹草乙酸乙酯组分中分离纯化到2种抑藻活性物质.当浓度为16μg·m L-1时,它们对米氏凯伦藻表现出一定的抑藻活性.结构鉴定表明,此2种抑藻活性物质为Trichodermatides B和2-methylheptylisonicotinate.此2种化合物为首次从菹草中分离得到,也是首次从沉水植物中分离得到.     

微藻热化学转化制取生物质油催化剂的研究进展

微藻生物质能源被认为是可以有效解决能源危机的第三代生物质能源。以微藻为原料,通过热化学转化的方法制取生物质油是微藻能源利用的研究热点。综述了微藻热化学转化中催化剂的研究进展,包括碱金属盐催化剂、分子筛催化剂、过渡金属催化剂等,并提出了该研究的发展方向。     

Microalgae cultivation using an aquaculture wastewater as growth medium for biomass and biofuel production

Microalgae as a main feedstock has attracted much attention in recent years but is still not economically feasible due to high algal culture cost. The objective of this study was to develop a comprehensive eco-friendly technology for cultivating microalgae Platymonas subcordiformis using aquaculture wastewater as growth medium for biomass and biofuel production. Platymonas subcordiformis was grown in pretreated flounder aquaculture wastewaters taken from different stages. Each of wastewater contained different levels of nutrients. The biomass yield of microalgae and associated nitrogen and phosphorous removal were investigated. The results showed that algal cell density increased 8.9 times than the initial level. Platymonas subcordiformis removed nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater with an average removal efficiency of 87%–95% for nitrogen and 98%–99% for phosphorus. It was feasible to couple the removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater to algal biomass and biofuel production. However, further studies are required to make this technologies economically viable for algae biofuel production.     

产油微藻胁迫培养策略研究综述

围绕微藻的胁迫培养,介绍了不同胁迫手段影响下产油微藻的生长及产油特点,对比了不同胁迫手段下微藻产油效果及各手段优劣势,在此基础上进一步综述了各因素胁迫在微藻油脂合成代谢中的作用机理,并给出了各胁迫手段在实际生产中的选用建议.以期通过该综述,对微藻生物柴油产业化中相关胁迫策略的选择提供借鉴.     

海洋微藻作为海洋生态环境的指示初探

本文分析海洋微藻作为海洋生态环境变化的指示作用，并应用厦门，香港两海域的资料说明微藻在海洋环境监测，特别是在水体营养类型的划分方面具有重要的指示作用。     

丙溴磷影响海洋微藻生长机理的初步研究

研究了丙溴磷对三角褐指藻和青岛大扁藻生长的影响及其可能的机理。结果显示，低浓度的丙溴磷可以刺激它们的生长，高浓度的丙溴磷则对其生长产生抑制作用；低浓度丙溴磷还使藻细胞的脂质过氧化程度在低水平增高，ＳＯＤ活性有所降低；高浓度时则使其指质过氧化程度过量升高，ＳＯＤ活性显著下降，加入抗氧化剂不仅可抑制低浓度丙溴磷对微藻生长的刺激效应，而且能缓解高浓度丙溴磷对微藻的毒害作用，因此，丙溴磷作用于微灌的抗氧化     

Effects of elevated CO_2 on sensitivity of six species of algae and interspecific competition of three species of alga

Introduction The atm ospheric C O 2 concentration increases at a rate of 1.5 滋 m ol/(m ol·a) and w ill double com pared to pre-industrial levels around the year 2050 (W atson et al., 1990). Its effects and m echanism by elevated CO 2 on global clim ate,…