高温高含二氧化碳条件下五种含Cr钢适用性评价

目的 预测某高温高含二氧化碳油井中管柱的腐蚀情况,为该油井推荐安全经济的材质。方法 采用高温高压反应釜模拟现场工况进行腐蚀试验,通过失重法、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线能谱分析(EDS)对五种含Cr钢的适用性进行评价。结果 在40~160 ℃温度范围内,五种钢材随温度的升高,其均匀腐蚀速率先升高后降低,且均在80 ℃时达到最大值。3Cr钢的腐蚀速率最高,在整个温度范围内,均远高于0.076 mm/a。在温度为120 ℃时,9Cr钢开始出现局部腐蚀。在温度为160 ℃时,13Cr钢有一定的局部腐蚀倾向。S13Cr、22Cr钢在整个温度范围内的腐蚀速率都较低,试验后试样表面平整连续,耐蚀性能好。结论 建议在采出井井筒中上部40~80 ℃较低温度井段选用9Cr钢,中部80~120 ℃中高温井段选用13Cr钢,底部120~160 ℃高温井段选用S13Cr钢。     

内蒙古癌死亡率与土壤环境中化学元素的关系

利用中国癌死亡率与土壤环境中化学元素的相关性研究成果，研究了内蒙古癌死亡率与土壤环境中化学元素：As、Cd、Co、Cu、Hg、Mn、Ni、Pb、Se、V、Li、Na、K、Rb、Cs、Mg、Ca、Sr、Ba、B、Al、Ga、In、Tl、Sc、Y、La、Ce、Pr、Nd、Tb、Dy、Ho、Er、Tm、Yb、Lu、Th、U、Sn、Ti、Zr、Hf、Sb、Bi、Ta、Te、Mo、W、Br、I、Fe等52个元素含量的关系。     

Variations of dominant microbial populations in groundwater in response to the leachate from Laogang Landfill

Temporal changes of dominant microbial populations in groundwater in response to the leachate from Shanghai Laogang Landfill were investigated. Concentrations of dissolved redox-relevant species in groundwater suggested that the dominating redox process had changed from denitrification to methane-production/sulfate-reduction due to landfilling. Dominant microbial populations were determined using restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP) analyses of 16S rRNA gene libraries, which were further studied by sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. The results indicated that obvious shifts of dominant microbial populations had occurred in groundwater in response to the pollution of leachate. The closest relatives of some dominant clones are accordant with the dominating redox processes determined by hydrochemical analyses, based on the GenBank‘s indications on the ability to perform redox reactions.     

2-丁烯醛生产废水对厌氧生物处理的毒性

以厌氧颗粒污泥为受试生物、乙酸钠为底物,研究了2-丁烯醛废水的厌氧处理毒性及污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)的组成变化.结果表明,2-丁烯醛废水COD￡850mg/L时,厌氧颗粒污泥的比产甲烷活性(SMA)几乎不受影响;当废水COD从2125mg/L提高到4249mg/L时,厌氧颗粒污泥的比产甲烷活性(SMA)从70.5mLCH4/(gVSS·d)降低至9.4mLCH4/(gVSS·d);COD为8499mg/L时,厌氧颗粒污泥的SMA仅为4.7mLCH4/(gVSS·d),且废水中有毒物质表现为杀菌性毒素.随着COD升高,EPS(TOC表征)、多聚糖、蛋白质含量呈现先降低后升高趋势.三维荧光光谱结果显示,不同COD条件下EPS荧光峰数量及位置相同,分别为类酪氨酸荧光峰peak A (λex/λem=275nm/305nm)、类色氨酸荧光峰Peak B (λex/λem=275nm/350nm)、辅酶F420贡献的荧光峰Peak C (λex/λem=415nm/470nm)及类富里酸荧光峰Peak D (λex/λem=335nm/450nm),其中荧光峰peak A和peak B峰强度较强.     

邻苯二甲酸二丁酯降解过程的单体同位素分析

研究对比了邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）在不同降解过程（水解、UV/H₂O₂光解、直接光解、过硫酸钾光氧化）中的碳、氢同位素组成变化、分馏特征及二维同位素（Δδ²H-Δδ¹³C）的相关性.水解反应中DBP分子产生了显著的碳同位素分馏,未发现氢同位素分馏,而且碳同位素富集因子ε_C为（-2.7±0.4）‰,表明DBP水解时发生C-O键断裂,氢原子不参与反应.而UV/H₂O₂光解和直接光解反应（pH值分别为2、7和10）中,DBP分子呈现了相似的二维同位素相关性Λ值[（9±2）~（11±2）],推测经历了相同的反应过程.过硫酸钾光氧化降解时,明显偏大的Λ值（31±3）说明反应可能发生C-H键断裂.结果表明：二维单体同位素分析（2D-CSIA）技术可以有效区分DBP的水解、光解、光氧化3种不同类型的降解过程,有助于分析其降解路径.     

降膜法脱氨氮的技术可行性及影响因素浅析

对煤气化废水的特性和处理现状进行了阐述和分析,总结了降膜技术在煤气化高氨氮废水中的脱氮效果和液泛气速、膜厚、pH值、温度的关系。研究表明,降膜技术可将氨氮去除率提高到95%以上,同时降低调整pH值的药剂成本,并有效缓解结垢现象,在类似工业废水处理项目中具有较好的推广应用价值。     

奥克托今在丙酮中的热安全性研究

奥克托今(HMX)作为爆速高和耐热性好的炸药被广泛应用,其制备提纯工艺均在丙酮中进行。为研究HMX在丙酮中的热安全性,用差示扫描量热-热重(DSC-TG)同步热分析仪研究HMX的热分解过程。测得升温速率为5,10,15,20℃/min的DSC和热重-微商热重法(TG-DTG)曲线,并得出分解峰温分别为279.8,282.5,284.5和288.8℃。用自行设计的临界爆温测试装置,通过小容量法测定HMX、丙酮以及HMX的丙酮溶液的临界爆炸温度。结果表明,在试验条件下,HMX的丙酮溶液的临界爆炸温度高于纯HMX的临界爆炸温度,说明丙酮抑制了HMX的热分解反应,当HMX溶液质量分数为10%时,临界爆炸温度最高,热安全性最好。     

Factors associated with driving under the influence of alcohol

Objective: This study examined the risk factors of driving under the influence of alcohol (DUI) among drivers of specific vehicle categories (DSC). On the basis of this research, the variables related to DUI and involvement in traffic crashes were defined. The analysis was conducted for car drivers, bicyclists, motorcyclists, bus drivers, and truck drivers.

Method: The research sample included drivers involved in traffic crashes on the territory of Serbia in 2016 (60,666). Two types of analyses were conducted in this study. Logistic regression established the correlation between DUI and DSC and the The Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (Multi-criteria decision making) method was applied to consider the scoring and explore the potential for the prevalence of DUI on the basis of 2 data sets (DUI and non DUI).

Results: The study results showed that driver error and male drivers were the 2 most significant risk factors for DUI, with the highest scores and potential for prevalence. The nonuse of restraint systems, driver experience, and driver age are the factors with a significant prediction of involvement in an accident and an insignificant prediction of DUI.

Conclusions: Following the development of the logistic prediction models for DUI drivers, testing of the model was conducted for 3 control driver groups: Car, motorcycle, and bicycle. The prediction model with a probability greater than 50% showed that 77% of car drivers were under the influence of alcohol. Similarly, the prediction percentage for motorcyclists and bicyclists amounted to 71 and 67%, respectively. The recommendation of the study is that drivers whose DUI probability is above 50% should be potentially suspected of DUI. The results of this study can help to understand the problem of DUI among specific driver categories and detect DUI drivers, with the aim of creating successful traffic safety policy.     

4种硝酸酯热安定性的绝热试验研究

利用绝热加速量热仪(ARC)对硝酸正丙酯(NPN)、硝酸异丙酯(IPN)、太根(TEGDN)、敌根(DEGDN)4种硝酸酯的热稳定性进行了绝热试验研究,得到绝热放热曲线和热分解特征参数。分析了4种物质分解过程的特点,对测试结果进行了修正。计算得到动力学参数和自加速分解温度SADT,以此作为评估热安定性的判据。结果表明,4种硝酸酯在外界热作用下容易发生分解,反应速度较快,伴随明显的热效应和压力效应。4种硝酸酯的热安定性由好到差排序为:IPN、NPN、TEGDN、DEGDN。     

嘉陵江重庆磁器口段藻类生长模拟研究

藻类生长有一个适合的流速,即临界流速,在其他条件相同的情况下,处于临界流速状态的藻类生长更快.在藻类生长模型中,引人流速影响函数,数值模拟嘉陵江重庆城区磁器口河段2007年2月-7月的藻类生长情况,模拟结果与实测结果吻合较好.研究结果表明.流速在0.03-0.05 m/s比较适合研究河段的藻类生长.