BOD微生物传感器的研究

本实验从活性污泥中分离筛选出一株对广泛底物具有外源呼吸的假单胞菌(Pseudomonas sp.A_4)。用该种菌株制成的BOD微生物传感器可在15min内完成一个样品BOD的测定。该法与传统方法有较好的相关性,可连续使用六周以上。     

煤炭燃烧排砷水平与控制技术研究

煤炭是我国目前的主要一次能源之一,燃煤中的重金属污染愈来愈受到重视,如何控制煤炭中砷向环境中扩散,减轻环境污染是近年来重要的研究课题.通过开展对铁法煤业集团内部高砷煤和低砷煤的动力配煤燃烧试验,分析动力配煤燃烧过程中的砷迁移水平,研究铁法煤业集团内部动力配煤燃烧过程中的砷迁移规律和动力配煤降砷的可行性,并为开展最佳动力配煤操作数据提供理论依据,为高砷煤燃烧控制砷的排放寻找治理途径,提高煤炭资源的最大利用效率.     

旅游踩踏对土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷的影响

为了探明旅游活动对张家界国家森林公园土壤微生物活性及多样性的影响,保护土壤生态平衡及合理开发自然保护区提供理论依据,进行了旅游踩踏对土壤微生物生物量碳、氮、磷的影响研究.结果表明,在所设的3个试验区中,0～5cm土壤层的微生物生物量碳、磷受到旅游踩踏的影响最严重,5～15cm土壤层的微生物生物量碳、磷受到旅游踩踏的影响较严重,而15～25cm土壤层的微生物生物量碳、磷受到旅游踩踏的影响最轻,旅游踩踏对所设3个试验区中3个层次土壤的微生物生物量碳、磷的影响均达到了显著水平(p＜0.05).从旅游踩踏对3个土壤层的微生物生物量氮的影响程度来看,0～5cm土壤层的微生物生物量氮受到的影响最严重,5～15cm土壤层的微生物生物量氮受到的影响较严重,而15～25cm土壤层的微生物生物量氮受到的影响最轻,背景区与缓冲区15～25cm土壤层的微生物生物量氮差异没有达到显著水平.说明张家界国家森林公园土壤微生物遭到了旅游踩踏的破坏,抵御外界干扰的能力已受到了旅游踩踏的破坏.     

生活污水对蝌蚪红细胞微核及核异常的诱导

利用青蛙蝌蚪红细胞微核试验,检测了城市生活污水处理厂各级处理工艺出水的诱变活性。在l6d生话污水处理的实验中,青蛙蝌蚪红细胞微核细胞率及核异常率2d后就呈现统计上的显著增加,并随暴露时间的延长而增高,第8天达到最大值。在不同浓度混合污水暴露实验中,蝌蚪红细胞微核细胞率和核异常率呈现明显的剂量依赖性增加。实验结果表明:城镇生活污水具有较强的诱变活性,一级和二级处理工艺出水也具有一定的诱变活性。现有污水处理工艺有待于进一步改进。     

煤炭非燃料利用与洁净煤技术

煤炭是中国的主要能源和资源，也是主要的污染源。煤炭燃料利用的不洁净使得其能源主导地位受到石油、天然气和新能源越来越大的挑战。寻求合理、高效、洁净的煤炭非燃料利用新途径应当成为煤化工发展的重要方向。本文在分析了煤炭燃料利用存在问题和前景的基础上，强调煤炭非燃料利用应当成为洁净煤技术的一种主要形式，并指出煤炭非燃料利用的合理途径。     

再燃脱硝的动力学模拟和组分影响分析

采用Gear算法模拟了再燃脱硝再燃区中化学反应过程，反应的热力学和动力学参数采用GRI3．0,模拟结果和实验结果作比较，说明该模拟可以用于预测再燃脱硝的基本过程。在模拟的基础上讨论了不同再燃燃料及其中的不同组分如HCN、NH3、H2和CO等对脱硝效果的影响。     

Hydrogen storage and distribution systems

Hydrogen storage and transportation or distribution is closely linked together. Hydrogen can be distributed continuously in pipelines or batch wise by ships, trucks, railway or airplanes. All batch transportation requires a storage system but also pipelines can be used as pressure storage system. Hydrogen exhibits the highest heating value per weight of all chemical fuels. Furthermore, hydrogen is regenerative and environment friendly. There are two reasons why hydrogen is not the major fuel of toady’s energy consumption: First of all, hydrogen is just an energy carrier. And, although it is the most abundant element in the universe, it has to be produced, since on earth it only occurs in the form of water. This implies that we have to pay for this energy, which results in a difficult economic task, because since the industrialization we are used to consuming energy for free. The second difficulty with hydrogen as an energy carrier is the low critical temperature of 33 K, i.e. hydrogen is a gas at room temperature. For mobile and in many cases also for stationary applications the volumetric and gravimetric density of hydrogen in a storage system is crucial. Hydrogen can be stored by six different methods and phenomena: high pressure gas cylinders (up to 800 bar), liquid hydrogen in cryogenic tanks (at 21 K), adsorbed hydrogen on materials with a large specific surface area (at T < 100 K), absorbed on interstitial sites in a host metal (at ambient pressure and temperature), chemically bond in covalent and ionic compounds (at ambient pressure), oxidation of reactive metals e.g. Li, Na, Mg, Al, Zn with water. These metals easily react with water to the corresponding hydroxide and liberate the hydrogen from the water. Finally, the metal hydroxides can be thermally reduced to the metals in a solar furnace.     

单细胞凝胶电泳技术在环境污染物检测中的应用

主要介绍了单细胞凝胶电泳技术(SCGE),包括SCGE的原理、方法及其在环境污染物检测中的应用,该技术可用多种污染物的检测且灵敏度高,具有广阔的应用前景。即SCGE对大气污染物、重金属、醛类及辐射污染的检测,具有高度敏感性,是具有广阔应用前景的新技术。     

喷射浮选处理含油污水的研究

重点对喷射浮选处理含油污水进行了试验研究，结果表明浮选室内射流泵的没水深度对喷射选除油效果有较大的影响，并且只有在气泡量大并充满浮选室及表面相对平静的状态下，才儿得较好效果，为此，我们在浮选室内加入自制的增料，使兼并的气海重新得到分散，消耗了一部分动能，减缓了浮选室的扰动，使除在大提高，从而为研制新型高效的喷射浮选设备提供了一条新途径。     

Reduction of sera requirements in amniotic fluid cell culture

Reduction in serum requirement for culture of primary human amniotic fluid cells can be achieved by the addition of 10 growth-promoting factors to the nutrient medium. This supplemented medium preserves cell types normally found in amniotic fluid cell cultures supplemented with 20–30 per cent fetal bovine serum. The volume of amniotic fluid required to initiate culture can be as little as 1 ml. Amniotic fluid samples contaminated with red blood cells with no visible clot also grow well in the low serum medium. Cell-free amniotic fluid combined with equal parts of supplemented medium is useful in initiating cell culture.