Surface reaction of Bacillus cereus biomass and its biosorption for lead and copper ions

In this study, the surface chemical functional groups of Bacillus cereus biomass were identified by Fourier transform infrared （FTIR） analytical technique. It had been shown that the B. cereus cells mainly contained carboxyl, hydroxyl, phosphate, amino and amide functional groups. The potentiometric titration was conducted to explain the surface acid-base properties of aqueous B. cereus biomass. The computer program FITEQL 4.0 was used to perform the model calculations. The optimization results indicated that three sitesthree pKas model, which assumed the cell surface to have three distinct types of surface organic functional groups based on the IR analysis results, simulated the experimental results very well. Moreover, batch adsorption experiments were performed to investigate biosorption behavior of Cu（Ⅱ） and Pb（Ⅱ） ions onto the biomass. Obviously, the adsorption equilibrium data for the two ions were reasonably described by typical Langmuir isotherm.     

Effects of vegetation type on soil microbial community structure and catabolic diversity assessed by polyphasic methods in North China

Soil microbes play a major role in ecological processes and are closely associated with the aboveground plant community.In order to understand the effects of vegetation type on the characteristics of soil microbial communities,the soil microbial communities were assessed by plate counts,phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) and Biolog microplate techniques in five plant communities,i.e.,soybean field (SF),artificial turf (AT),artificial shrub (AS),natural shrub (NS),and maize field (MF) in Jinan,Shandong Province,North China.The results showed that plant diversity had little discernible effect on microbial biomass but a positive impact on the evenness of utilized substrates in Biolog microplate.Legumes could significantly enhance the number of cultural microorganisms,microbial biomass,and community catabolic diversity.Except for SF dominated by legumes,the biomass of fungi and the catabolic diversity of microbial community were higher in less disturbed soil beneath NS than in frequently disturbed soils beneath the other vegetation types.These results confirmed that high number of plant species,legumes,and natural vegetation types tend to support soil microbial communities with higher function.The present study also found a significant correlation between the number of cultured bacteria and catabolic diversity of the bacterial community.Different research methods led to varied results in this study.The combination of several approaches is recommended for accurately describing the characteristics of microbial communities in many respects.     

非稳态微生物污染物在建筑群内迁移的数值模拟

随着城市化进程的加快和城市中心人口密度的激增,微生物污染问题成为人们关注的热点.本文利用病毒群体动力学演化模型研究非稳态微生物污染的产生过程,并将模型结果作为非稳态污染源的源强引入污染物对流扩散方程.假设没有继发性感染,研究致病性微生物污染源对建筑群环境的影响,得到了建筑群表面及周围污染物浓度随时间的变化规律.假定致病感染浓度,得到了微生物污染源的影响范围,这为控制污染物扩散和建立致病微生物污染预警系统提供了理论指导.     

发展可再生燃料推进减排的现状和趋势

文章阐述了发展生物燃料可实现缓解石油供需矛盾和减排温室气体的双赢目的,介绍了世界各主要消费大国发展,应用生物燃料的情况及生物燃料的发展趋势.     

虎纹蛙（RANA RUGULOSA）视网膜结构与环境适应性的研究

在光镜和电镜下观察了虎纹蛙（Rana rugulosa)视多膜的组织结构,着重探讨了色素细胞和视细胞的形态结构。视网膜中三个核层及两个网状层分布均匀,无中央凹。色素细胞内含有大量的脂滴、色素颗粒、髓样体和形状各异的溶酶体等。视细胞由视杆细胞和视锥细胞组成,视杆细胞占多数。在视网膜中央区,视杆细胞数与视锥细胞数之比为1：1;在周缘区,两者数量之比为3：1,视杆细胞外段呈高柱状,体积远远大于视锥细胞外段,肌样体内有大量的微管。视锥细胞外段呈矮锥形,椭圆体内有一球状小体。视细胞与节细胞数量之比为3．68：1。结果表明,虎纹蛙视网膜结构特征与其生活于田间、山涧等弱光环境和捕食习性是相适应的。图版1（图1－图10）表2参14     

氧化亚氮形成的微生物学分子机制研究进展

1　氧化亚氮 (Ｎ2 Ｏ)的形成Ｎ2 Ｏ是继ＣＯ2 、ＣＨ4之后的第三大温室气体 ,它能破坏大气中的臭氧层 .在过去的 2 0～ 30年间 ,Ｎ2 Ｏ以每年 0 .2 %～ 0 .3%的速率增长 ,并且有进一步增长的趋势[1 ] .地球上人类和其他生物的活动是Ｎ2 Ｏ产生的主要来源 ,而微生物是其中最重要的生物源 .微生物产生Ｎ2 Ｏ的机理主要是通过硝化作用和反硝化作用过程进行的 ,如图 1所示 .反硝化过程中Ｎ2 Ｏ的形成 :硝化过程中Ｎ2 Ｏ的形成 :图 1　Ｎ2 Ｏ的形成Ｆｉｇ.1　ＦｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｏｆＮ2 Ｏ　　催化反硝化过程的酶有 4种 :硝酸还原酶 (Ｎａｒ)、亚…     

应用细胞合成计量关系模型分析鱼腥藻7120的混合营养生长

根据文献中鱼腥藻细胞大分子的含量和组成情况,计算了细胞合成所需要的小分子单体和前体代谢物的量,得到代谢意义上的细胞生物合成计量关系,此计量关系模型,对鱼腥藻7120细胞在气升式光生物反应器中光自养和混合营养生长的对数生长阶段进行了代谢通量分析。结果表明,葡萄糖的利用影响细胞初级碳代谢的流动状况,混合营养生长过程比光自养生长过程磷酸戊糖途径氧化性分支的反应程度明显加强,随着培养的进行,葡萄糖被细胞用作碳源的比例可能减小,而用作能源的比例可能增大。     

中蒙边境典型草原可燃物热解动力学研究

以中蒙边境(包括东乌旗、 二连浩特市、 新巴尔虎右旗)的草原可燃物为研究对象,利用STA 6000热重分析仪,采用热重分析法以5 ml/min,10 ml/min,20 ml/min,30 ml/min的氧气为载气,在空气气氛下,升温速率分别为40℃/min,60℃/min,80℃/min时对三个地区草原可燃物的热失重...     

堆肥化过程中微生物群落的动态

通过变性梯度凝胶电泳（DGGE）和平板计数法对堆肥化过程中微生物的区系动态变化进行了研究.结果表明,在堆肥化过程中,微生物数量总的趋势是细菌的数量最多,放线菌次之,真菌的数量最少,中温微生物的数量始终高于高温微生物.当发酵结束后,中温微生物的数量低于发酵初始水平,高温放线菌和高温真菌的数量试验结束后高于初始水平,高温细菌的数量在整个堆肥化过程中变化不大.通过DGGE分析表明,发酵过程中细菌的种类发生了明显的更迭现象.发酵初期Bdellovibrio、Clostridia bacterium、Bacillus、Clostridium等占优势,中期Beta proteobacterium、Petrobacter succinimandens、Nitrospirae bacterium、Clostridium等占优势,后期Clostridium、Beta proteobacterium、Paenibacillus等占优势,而在整个堆肥化过程中Clostridium都是优势种.     

孔雀石绿对三种鱼类细胞急性毒性的初步研究

应用MTT法测定孔雀石绿对鲤鱼上皮癌细胞(EPC)、草鱼肾细胞(CIK)、斑点叉尾鮰鱼卵巢细胞(CCO)的急性毒性。测定孔雀石绿的细胞毒性,发现MTT还原量减少,甲瓒生成量与孔雀石绿浓度存在依赖关系,孔雀石绿浓度越大,活细胞越少,甲瓒生成量也相应减少。以2×104接种量对EPC细胞、CIK细胞、CCO细胞进行24h染毒,发现随着孔雀石绿浓度的增高,细胞存活率减少,并确定孔雀石绿对这三种细胞的安全浓度、半致死浓度和致死浓度。比较这三种细胞对孔雀石绿的敏感性,得出结论CIK细胞对于孔雀石绿的作用最敏感。