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121.
122.
响应曲面法优化絮凝处理木薯淀粉废水 总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4
采用中心复合实验设计和响应面分析法研究复合絮凝剂聚合氯化铝锌(PAZC)和聚合氯化铝(PAC)混凝处理木薯淀粉废水,进行设计和分析,以溶液pH值和絮凝剂用量为考察因素,分别以COD、浊度去除率为考察指标,选用最佳优化数学模型描述考察指标和考察因素之间的数学关系,并以设定PAZC和PAC对COD去除率(65%),浊度去除率(90%)和SS去除率(90%)的目标值,通过等高线叠加图预测最优实验条件,得到PAZC投量为6.5 mg/L,pH为7.7时,COD去除率和浊度去除率分别达到最大为76.6%和99.9%;PAC投量为19.2 mg/L,pH为7.8时,COD去除率和浊度去除率最大值分别为64.4%和97.1%。经对最优条件进行验证,预测值与验证实验平均值接近。 相似文献
123.
124.
An overview of the methods used in the characterisation of natural organic matter (NOM) in relation to drinking water treatment 总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9
Matilainen A Gjessing ET Lahtinen T Hed L Bhatnagar A Sillanpää M 《Chemosphere》2011,83(11):1431-1442
Natural organic matter (NOM) is found in all surface, ground and soil waters. During recent decades, reports worldwide show a continuing increase in the color and NOM of the surface water, which has an adverse affect on drinking water purification. For several practical and hygienic reasons, the presence of NOM is undesirable in drinking water. Various technologies have been proposed for NOM removal with varying degrees of success. The properties and amount of NOM, however, can significantly affect the process efficiency. In order to improve and optimise these processes, the characterisation and quantification of NOM at different purification and treatment processes stages is important. It is also important to be able to understand and predict the reactivity of NOM or its fractions in different steps of the treatment. Methods used in the characterisation of NOM include resin adsorption, size exclusion chromatography (SEC), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The amount of NOM in water has been predicted with parameters including UV-Vis, total organic carbon (TOC), and specific UV-absorbance (SUVA). Recently, methods by which NOM structures can be more precisely determined have been developed; pyrolysis gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS), multidimensional NMR techniques, and Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR-MS). The present review focuses on the methods used for characterisation and quantification of NOM in relation to drinking water treatment. 相似文献
125.
126.
O3/H2O2降解Atrazine效能研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用O3/H2O2降解莠去津,对氧化产物进行了色谱分析,以评价该体系降解莠去津效能.莠去津初始浓度2 mg/L,7.5mg/L的O3单独氧化去除率为27.2%;相同O3投量下,H2O2/O3摩尔比0.75时,5 min莠去津的去除率最高可达96.5%,表明H2O2/O3体系对莠去津的去除效果良好,降解速度快.以离子色谱对产物的离子进行分析,莠去津浓度下降的同时,硝酸根和氯离子浓度增高.GC-MS检测的产物和对LC-MS谱图的分析表明,有机产物中存在脱乙基、脱异丙基和脱氯莠去津,说明H2O2/O3并不能彻底氧化莠去津,因此工程中作为主要去除单元或突发性污染事件的应急手段可能还需要与活性炭等单元联用. 相似文献
127.
Analysis of relationship between economic growth and environment in Benxi Shiqiaozi Development Zone
AnalysisofrelationshipbetweeneconomicgrowthandenvironmentinBenxiShiqiaoziDevelopmentZone¥LiBin;RuJiang;YeWenhu;XuYunlin(Cente... 相似文献
128.
129.
Constructed wetlands have emerged as a viable option for helping to solve a wide range of water quality problems. However, heavy
metals adsorbed by substrates would decrease the growth of plants, impair the functions of wetlands and eventually result in a failure
of contaminant removal. Typha latifolia L., tolerant to heavy metals, has been widely used for phytoremediation of Pb/Zn mine tailings
under waterlogged conditions. This study examined e ects of iron as ferrous sulfate (100 and 500 mg/kg) and lead as lead nitrate (0,
100, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) on phosphorus utilization and microbial community structure in a constructed wetland. Wetland plants (T.
latifolia) were grown for 8 weeks in rhizobags filled with a paddy soil under waterlogged conditions. The results showed that both the
amount of iron plaque on the roots and phosphorus adsorbed on the plaque decreased with the amount of lead addition. When the ratio
of added iron to lead was 1:1, phosphorus utilized by plants was the maximum. Total amount of phospholipids fatty acids (PLFAs)
was 23%–59% higher in the rhizosphere soil than in bulk soil. The relative abundance of Gram-negative bacteria, aerobic bacteria, and
methane oxidizing bacteria was also higher in the rhizosphere soil than in bulk soil, but opposite was observed for other bacteria and
fungi. Based on cluster analysis, microbial communities were mostly controlled by the addition of ferrous sulfate and lead nitrate in
rhizosphere and bulk soil, respectively. 相似文献
130.
3,4-二氯苯胺与取代芳烃联合毒性的定量构效关系研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用细菌生长抑制实验测定了取代芳烃及其混合物对长江水中混合细菌的急性毒性,得到17种单一化合物的半数抑制浓度(IC50)及22组混合物的半数抑制浓度(IC50mix).采用毒性单位法和混合毒性指数法对联合毒性效应进行了定性评价,3,4-二氯苯胺与胺类化合物的联合效应以简单相加或部分相加作用为主,而3,4-二氯苯胺与酚类化合物的联合效应则多表现为协同作用.以化合物的辛醇/水分配系数(lgP)和分子最低空轨道能(ELUMO)为结构描述符,分别建立了单一毒性和联合毒性的定量构效关系(QSAR)模型.所得模型对极性麻醉型化合物和反应性化合物的毒性都具有较强的预测能力,不仅能预测3,4-二氯苯胺与取代芳烃不同配比的二元混合物的联合毒性,也能预测三元和四元混合物的联合毒性. 相似文献