Molecular behavior and interactions with microbes during anaerobic degradation of bio-derived DOM in waste leachate

It is the key to control bio-derived dissolved organic matters (DOM) in order to reduce the effluent concentration of wastewater treatment, especially for waste leachate with high organic contaminants. In the present study, the anaerobic degradation of aerobically stabilized DOM was investigated with DOM substrate isolated through electrodialysis. The degradation of bio-derived DOM was confirmed by reduction of 15% of total organic carbon in 100 days. We characterized the molecular behavior of bio-derived DOM by coupling molecular and biological information analysis. Venn based Sankey diagram of mass features showed the transformation of bio-derived DOM mass features. Occurrence frequency analysis divided mass features into six categories so as to distinguish the fates of intermediate metabolites and persistent compounds. Reactivity continuum model and machine learning technologies realized the semi-quantitative determination on the kinetics of DOM mass features in the form of pseudo-first order, and confirmed the reduction of inert mass features. Furthermore, network analysis statistically establish relationship between DOM mass features and microbes to identify the active microbes that are able to utilize bio-derived DOM. This work confirmed the biological technology is still effective in controlling recalcitrant bio-derived DOM during wastewater treatment.     

生物传感器快速测定BOD在海洋监测中的应用

选用一株耐高渗透压的酵母菌种作为敏感材料可以实现BOD的快速测定。采用海藻酸钙包埋法和聚乙烯醇包埋法两种细胞固定化方法并进行了比较。就聚乙烯醇固定化微生物进行了渗稼压和重金属离子影响的研究。     

微型生物在水质监测中的作用和意义

水污染仍是中国水环境面临的突出问题.生物监测是常用水质监测的有效方法之一,它是利用水生生物在污染环境下所发生的信息来判断水体污染状况的一种手段.而微型生物群落是水生态系统中一个完整的生态单元,具有对胁迫反应敏感以及胁迫过后自身恢复迅速等特性,在水质监测中起着重要的作用.水生微型生物主要包括藻类、原生动物、细菌、真菌、轮虫等.本文阐述它们在水生生态系统中具有的各自地位、作用和微型生物监测水质成为生物监测的重要手段的原因.     

含纤维素废水生物水解的应用研究

提取植物或动物纤维所产生的高浓有机废水，含短小纤维、木质素、纤维素、半纤维素、蜡质、果胶及其分解产物(糖、脂肪酸、醇等)，较难生物处理，属含纤维素废水。试验研究和生产应用表明，生物水解对含纤维素废水中高分子有机物，可予分解并提高度水可生化性：在常温、PH约9．5时，水解池污泥浓度达6．5～16．0g/L，容积负荷达2．9kgCOD／m^3．d，COD去除率为24—36％，VFA提高3．9—5．1倍，BOD／COD提高12～16％。分析认为：中温、酸性，纤维素、木素含量低时，水解效果应更好。     

PFU微型生物群落水质鉴别及群落参数变化模式的研究

基于ＰＦＵ微型生物群落参数调查数据，对湖北省汉江两条污染带１１个站 和湖南常德市水系１５个站点所属水质组别进行了综合分析研究。所得典型鉴别函数能够对水质组别作出有效的鉴别，分类函数对站点的水质组别分类正确率达到９６％；群落参数对化学综合污染指数的响应不呈简单的线性关系，群落的变化存在一定模式。     

降解五氯酚厌氧生物反应器微生物种群结构的分子特性研究

采用PCR—DGGE技术，对降解PCP厌氧生物反应器污泥颗粒化过程微生物种群结构的时空分布变化特性进行了初步研究．结果表明，随着PCP负荷增加与污泥的颗粒化，污泥真细菌、古细菌组成均发生明显变化．当反应器稳定运行时，反应器内上下层污泥微生物种群结构组成相似，真细菌相似性Cs在71．4～77．6之间，古细菌Cs在70．4～76．7之间．反应器一旦受污染物负荷冲击干扰，反应器上下层污泥真细菌组成相似性Cs降至43．3，古细菌降至35．2．测序表明，颗粒污泥中存在不可培养的脱氯细菌，优势产甲烷细菌为Methanosaeta concilii、Methanobacterium sp．、Methanobrevibacter sp．和Methanothfix soehngenii．     

多种染料的微生物脱色研究

从印染、毛纺等废水处理场的生物膜和活性污泥中分离到13株对36种染料有脱色能力的细菌。其中三株转化单胞菌D_(32),D_(33),D_4分别对29种染料有良好的脱色作用,其完整细胞对单一染料的脱色活力达2.6mg·g~(-1)(细胞湿重)·h~(-1)。对脱色反应的条件和机理进行了初探。     

微生物固定化技术与载体结构的研究

分析微生物固定化的一般方法、常用固定化载体的特性 ;并通过实验研究固定化微生物颗粒处理微污染水的净水效能 ,分析载体结构对微生物固定化微生物活性的影响     

Study on nitrile-degrading microorganisms

Two strains of bacteria were isolated from nitrile polluted soils, and identified as Corynebacterium boffmanii and Arthrobacter flavescens. Acetonitrile, propionitrile, butyronitrile and acrylonitrile were degraded by these bacteria to yield corresponding amides, carboxylic acids and ammonia. The nitrile-degrading abilities of these strains were investigated. The removal rates for the nitrile were nearly 100%, after these bacteria were grown in medium containing 10000 ppm of aceto-, propio-, or butyronitrile at 28 ℃ for 24h. When the reaction mkture consisting of 5000 ppm of above mentioned nitriles or acrylonitrile and 20g (dry cell) /L resting cells of the two strains in 0.06mol/L phosphate buffer (pH7.5) was incubated separately at 25 ℃ with moderate shaking for 15 or 45 min, the nitrile could be degraded completely. The optimum growth conditions for C.hoffmanii and A.flavescens were studied as well.     

铜离子冲击下活性污泥微生物多样性的分子生态学分析

采用基于 16SrDNA序列分析方法 ,在长度多态 (LPM)和 16SrDNA的GC含量二维水平分析了受重金属污染的活性污泥系统内细菌的优势种类和多样性 .设计的PCR引物可以将细菌分为三大类 :即 1)proteobacterialα&δ(变形杆菌α&δ) ,2 )pro teobacterialβ&γ(变形杆菌 β&γ) ,以及 3)flexibacter(屈桡杆菌 )和革兰氏阳性菌 .分析了未受重金属驯化和受重金属驯化的两类活性污泥系统在重金属作用下优势种和多样性的变化 ,结果显示未驯化的活性污泥系统多样性减少但优势种的变化微小 ,而驯化系统优势种有较大的变化 ,但多样性基本不变 .这一结果证实驯化有助于提高微生物对重金属的抗性