基于WEBGIS的农村环境连片整治工作智能监控系统研究

农村环境连片整治工作自2010年开展以来,连云港市取得了显著的成效,但对农村环境连片整治工作的监控工作仍停留在《全国农村环境监测工作指导意见》（环办[2009]150号）和《江苏省农村地表水环境质量监测实施方案》（苏环然[2007]25号）的要求上,即对连片整治示范区内的农村地表水环境、乡镇和村庄生活污水处理设施进行例行监测,对连片整治示范工程进行验收监测和例行监测工作的层面上。为了加强农村环境连片整治工作的监控,保护农村生态环境,从农村环境连片整治系统架构入手,深入细致地研究了基于WEBGIS的数字监控系统,提出系统所要达到的功能要求。     

潜流人工湿地填料筛选及其对小城镇微污染水的修复性能评价

为了选择适合小城镇潜流人工湿地的填料,选取小城镇较为常见的材料(废砖、卵石、碎石),结合物化性质,研究25℃下填料对磷的吸附效果,并分析了填料种类对野外潜流人工湿地运行的影响。结果表明:(1)25℃时,3种填料对磷的吸附量随着溶液中初始磷浓度的增加而增加,吸附能力依次为废砖>碎石>卵石;(2)野外潜流人工湿地运行过程中,随HRT的延长,组合填料湿地WL1和废砖填料WL2湿地对总磷的净化效果有所提高,且WL2湿地对总磷的去除效果略优于WL1。因此,可以选择废砖作为小城镇潜流人工湿地系统的填料。     

利用PCR-DGGE溯源典型农村塘坝饮用水中的污染

以华南地区典型农村塘坝饮用水为研究对象,采用基于大肠杆菌的两种特异性基因(β-D-葡萄糖苷酶编码基因uidA和膜外周磷通道蛋白编码基因phoE)的群体差异分析(PCR-DGGE),对饮用水中的污染情况进行了溯源研究.结果表明,采用富集培养的混合菌体DNA作为模板扩增大肠杆菌特异性基因更加实用.uidA和phoE的引物均...     

Remediation of copper polluted red soils with clay materials

Attapulgite and montmorillonite were utilized to remediate heavy metal polluted red soils in Guixi City, Jiangxi Province, China. The e ects of clay minerals on availability, chemical distribution, and biotoxicity of Cu and Zn were evaluated. The results provided a reference for the rational application of clay materials to remediate heavy metal contaminated soils. From the sorption experiment, the maximum adsorbed Cu2+ by attapulgite and montmorillonite was 1501 and 3741 mg/kg, respectively. After polluted red soil was amended with attapulgite or montmorillonite and cultured at 30 and 60 days, soil pH increased significantly compared to the control. An 8% increase in the amount of montmorillonite in soil and 30 days incubation decreased acid exchangeable Cu by 24.7% compared to the control red soil. Acid exchangeable Cu decreased with increasing amounts of attapulgite and montmorillonite, with best remediation e ect reached at a dose of 8%. Results also showed that the Cu poisoning e ect on earthworms was reduced with the addition of attapulgite and montmorillonite. Montmorillonite showed the best e ect, with the addition of a 2% dose the mortality of earthworms decreased from 60% to zero compared to the control. Our results indicated that the bioavailability of Cu in soils was reduced more e ectively with the application of montmorillonite than attapulgite.     

响应面法优化复合微生物吸附剂对低浓度Cr3+的吸附

根据已有4种微生物吸附剂的吸附基团存在的差异特征,将其复配成复合吸附剂,借助统计学方法研究其对低ρ(Cr3+)废水的吸附性能.在单因素试验基础上,利用P-B(Plackett-Burman)法筛选出吸附过程4个主要影响因素分别为pH,初始ρ(Cr3+)及微生物吸附剂XB和TQ的投加量,应用最陡爬坡试验接近主要因素最优水平,采用Box-Behnken试验设计和响应面分析得到对低浓度Cr3+吸附过程的二阶模型.结果表明,最优吸附条件为pH 4.0,初始ρ(Cr3+)为4.86mg/L,XB和TQ的投加量分别为0.20和0.13 g/L,实际吸附率达到87.54%,与理论预测值(87.68%)接近,且高出单一吸附剂吸附率7.79%～17.35%.FT-IR扫描显示,复合微生物吸附剂性能提高与表面基团增多有关.通过响应面分析法优化复合微生物吸附,吸附性能明显提高.     

微生物絮凝剂的絮凝性及抗氧化性研究

考察了一株产絮凝剂细菌BK-4所产絮凝剂的絮凝能力、组成及抗氧化性.结果表明,接种量2％、培养24 h后BK-4菌发酵液的最大絮凝率可达96.9％.发酵液的主要组成为多糖,提取方法对粗提物的絮凝率有明显影响,水溶醇沉法粗提物的最大絮凝率可达95.6％,粗提物多糖含量为1.65g/L时对DPPH自由基的捕获率可达最大值3...     

利用泰乐菌素菌渣生产复合酶制剂及效果研究

发酵法生产抗生素过程中会产生大量废弃菌渣,这些菌渣因有机质含量高,堆放极易发生霉变,给当地环境造成危害.文章采用固体发酵法,以微生物降解处理后的泰乐菌素菌渣为主要原料,生产复合酶制剂,并对其在肉鸡上的使用效果进行研究.结果表明:在水含量50％～60％、干物质中麸皮含量不低于40％的泰乐菌素菌渣培养基中,接入5％～10％...     

控制游离氨实现单级自养生物脱氮的研究

通过实时调控SBR反应器内的游离氮浓度的控制策略,实现以亚硝化作用和厌氧氨氧化作用协同的单级自养生物脱氮工艺.实验分成亚硝酸菌富集和厌氧氨氧化菌混合接种2个阶段,SBR内的温度始终保持在(31±2)℃.亚硝酸菌富集阶段,pH值稳定在7.8左右,通过调节进水氩氮浓度(56～446 mg·L-1)实现FA浓度的变化,从而实...     

煤炭井工开采项目中土地整治评价内容的协调

通过典型案例,阐述了环境影响评价、水土保持方案和土地复垦方案三个咨询成果在对煤矿土地整治工程中的矛盾与不协调,并提出了协调思路与方法。     

Efficient dechlorination of chlorinated solvent pollutants under UV irradiation by using the synthesized TiO2 nano-sheets in aqueous phase

Titanium dioxide(TiO2), which is the widely used photo-catalyst, has been synthesized by simple hydrothermal solution containing tetrabutyl titanate and hydrofluoric acid. The synthesized product has been applied to photo-degradation in aqueous phase of chlorinated solvents, namely tetrachloroethene(PCE), trichloroethene(TCE) and 1,1,1-trichloroethane(TCA). The photo-degradation results revealed that the degradation of these harmful chemicals was better in UV/synthesized TiO2 system compared to UV/commercial P25 system and UV only system. The photo-catalytic efficiency of the synthesized TiO2 was 1.4, 1.8 and 3.0 folds higher compared to the commercial P25 for TCA, TCE and PCE degradation, respectively. Moreover, using nitrobenzene(NB) as a probe of hydroxyl radical(.OH), the degradation rate was better over UV/synthesized TiO2, suggesting the high concentration of.OH generated in UV/synthesized TiO2system. In addition,.OH concentration was confirmed by the strong peak displayed in EPR analysis over UV/synthesized TiO2system. The characterization result using XRD and TEM showed that the synthesized TiO2 was in anatase form and consisted of well-defined sheet-shaped structures having a rectangular outline with a thickness of 4 nm, side length of 50 nm and width of 33 nm and a surface 90.3 m2/g. XPS analysis revealed that ≡Ti-F bond was formed on the surface of the synthesized TiO2. The above results on both photocatalytic activity and the surface analysis demonstrated the good applicability of the synthesized TiO2 nano-sheets for the remediation of chlorinated solvent contaminated groundwater.