微塑料诱导下污泥造粒潜能变化及微生物富集特征

微塑料(MPs)是污水处理厂中普遍检出的新兴污染物之一,目前研究主要集中于传统污水处理系统的污染水平及分布特征,但有关微塑料暴露对污泥颗粒化过程的研究鲜见报道.为探究微塑料对污泥颗粒化的诱导影响,选用环境中广泛检出的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯微塑料(PET-MPs)作为研究对象,通过微塑料暴露试验研究PET-MPs对污泥造粒过程中系统潜能、胞外聚合物(EPS)组成和菌群富集特征的影响.结果表明,PET-MPs暴露显著加快污泥颗粒化进程,同时以蛋白质(PN)为主导的EPS含量上升会增强污泥表面疏水性,造粒速度和EPS分泌量与暴露粒径成正比,微塑料和EPS协同促进颗粒污泥的形成.然而微塑料持续暴露会导致系统除污性能恶化,250μm PET-MPs暴露下亚硝酸盐氮积累的负面影响最严重,浓度高达(5.08±0.24)mg·L^-1.高通量测序结果进一步表明,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidota)是促进颗粒污泥形成的主要优势门;红环菌科(Rhodocyclaceae)、鞘氨醇杆菌科(Sphingomonadaceae)、黄杆菌科(Flavob...     

黄河源区斑块化退化高寒草甸土壤微生物多样性对长期封育的响应

为了明确黄河源区斑块化退化高寒草甸土壤细菌和真菌群落对长期封育的响应特征,通过对土壤理化性质分析和高通量测序技术,对1年期(E1)、短期(E4)和长期(E10)围栏封育下土壤pH、含水量、养分和微生物群落组成及多样性进行分析.结果表明,E1封育显著降低土壤pH,而长短期封育均显著提高土壤pH,长期封育能显著提高土壤含水量和全氮含量,短期封育能显著提高土壤速效磷含量.长期封育能显著提高细菌变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和真菌子囊菌门(Ascomycota)相对丰度,短期封育能显著提高细菌酸杆菌门(Acidobacteriota)相对丰度,但长短期封育均使真菌担子菌门(Basidiomycota)相对丰度下降;随着封育年限的延长,细菌的Chao1和Shannon多样性指数呈增加趋势,长短期封育无显著差异,真菌的Chao1指数逐渐增加,Shannon多样性指数先增加后减小,长短期封育无显著差异.冗余分析(RDA)表明,围栏封育主要通过改变土壤pH和含水量来改变微生物群落组成和结构.因此,E4短期封育能明显改善斑块化退化高寒草甸的土壤理化性质和微生物多样性,无需进行长期封育,否则会造...     

First trimester maternal serum placenta growth factor (PIGF)concentrations in pregnancies with fetal trisomy 21 or trisomy 18

Placenta growth factor (PIGF), an angiogenic factor belonging to the vascular endothelial growth factor family, pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) and free β-human chorionic gonadotrophin (β-hCG) were measured in maternal serum from 45 pregnancies with trisomy 21, 45 with trisomy 18 and 493 normal controls at 10–13 completed weeks of gestation. In the normal pregnancies maternal serum PIGF levels increased exponentially with gestation. The median multiple of the median (MoM) PIGF concentration in the trisomy 21 group (1.26 MoM) was significantly higher (p<0.0001) than in the control group (1.00 MoM). In the trisomy 18 group the median PIGF was lower (0.889 MoM) but this did not quite reach significance (p=0.064). The corresponding median MoM values for PAPP-A were 1.00 MoM for the controls, 0.49 MoM for trisomy 21 and 0.16 MoM for trisomy 18. The median MoM values for free β-hCG were 1.00 MoM for the controls, 2.05 MoM for trisomy 21 and 0.38 MoM for trisomy 18. In the control group there was a small but significant correlation of PIGF with free β-hCG (r=+0.1024) and PAPP-A (r=+0.2288). In the trisomy 18 group there was a significant association between PIGF and free β-hCG (r=+0.2629) but not with PAPP-A (r=+0.0038). In the trisomy 21 group there was a small but significant association with PAPP-A (r=+0.1028) but not with free β-hCG (r=+0.0339). The separation of affected and unaffected pregnancies in maternal serum PIGF is small, and therefore it is unlikely that measurement of PIGF would improve screening for these abnormalities provided by the combination of fetal nuchal translucency and maternal serum PAPP-A and free β-hCG. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.