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31.
32.
Lah B Vidic T Glasencnik E Cepeljnik T Gorjanc G Marinsek-Logar R 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2008,139(1-3):107-118
Combining genotoxicity/mutagenicity tests and physico-chemical methodologies can be useful for determining the potential genotoxic
contaminants in soil samples. The aim of our study was to evaluate the genotoxicity of soil by applying an integrated physico-chemical-biological
approach. Soil samples were collected at six sampling points in a Slovenian industrial and agricultural region where contamination
by heavy metals and sulphur dioxide (SO2) are primarily caused by a nearby power plant. The in vitro alkaline version of the comet assay on water soil leachates was
performed with Caco-2 and HepG2 cells. A parallel genotoxicity evaluation of the samples was performed by Ames test using
Salmonella typhimurium and the Tradescantia micronucleus test. Pedological analyses, heavy metal content determination, and different physico-chemical analyses, were
also performed utilizing standard methodology. Water leachates of soil samples were prepared according to standard methods.
Since only a battery of biotests with prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms or cells can accurately estimate the effects of
(geno)toxicants in soil samples and water soil leachates, a combination of three bioassays, with cells or organisms belonging
to different trophic levels, was used. Genotoxicity of all six water soil leachates was proven by the comet assay on both
human cell lines, however no positive results were detected by bacterial assay, Ames test. The Tradescantia micronucleus assay showed increase in micronuclei formation for three samples. According to these results we can assume that
the comet assay was the most sensitive assay, followed by the micronucleus test. The Ames test does not appear to be sensitive
enough for water soil leachates genotoxicity evaluations where heavy metal contamination is anticipated. 相似文献
33.
长江南京段水体中有机污染物的遗传毒性研究 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
运用人外周血淋巴细胞彗星试验和蚕豆根尖细胞微核试验对长江南京段水体中有机污染物的遗传毒性进行了研究. 结果表明:长江南京段水体中的有机污染物对人外周血淋巴细胞和蚕豆根尖细胞均产生了不同程度的损伤,存在明显的遗传毒性,有机物是导致水体遗传毒性的主要因素. 试验结果与水体的有机污染状况基本一致. 彗星试验结果及趋势与微核试验相吻合,但前者更为敏感. 彗星试验和微核试验的结合使用在水环境的遗传毒性监测方面具有较大的应用价值. 相似文献
34.
35.
Cytogenetic parameters (the mitotic rate and the frequency of pathological mitoses) of the seed offspring of weeping birch (Betula pendula Roth.) and the frequency of micronuclei in the buccal epithelium of children living in several raions (districts) of the city of Voronezh differing in environmental conditions were studied. Judging from these parameters, the environmental situation was the worst in the Sovetskii raion. A correlation was found between the frequency of pathological mitoses in the roots of birch seedlings and the frequency of micronuclei in the buccal epithelial cells of children. This indicates that the cytogenetic monitoring data obtained in plants may be extrapolated to man. 相似文献
36.
环境中的PAES对蟾蜍蝌蚪红细胞微核的影响研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
通过对邻苯二甲酸酯对蟾蜍蝌蚪红细胞微核的影响进行了研究。目的探讨邻苯二甲酸酯对蟾蜍蝌蚪的致突变作用。方法以邻苯二甲酸二甲酯为污染物对蟾蜍蝌蚪染毒24小时,并观察其细胞核变化。所用蟾蜍蝌蚪处于变态期,对污染物较为敏感。结果邻苯二甲酸酯使蟾蜍蝌蚪红细胞微核率以及核异常细胞率上升,微核率随着浓度的增大而上升,在浓度为78 ug/ml,对照组相比有极显著差异P〈0.01,浓度在18.5 ug/ml时试验组突变的细胞核的形态发生显著改变,核异常细胞率与对照组核异常细胞率有显著差异P〈0.05。此时显微镜下观察可见微核、双核、核内凹、核碎裂、无丝分裂时核分裂不均等核的形态变化。结论邻苯二甲酸酯对蟾蜍蝌蚪具有明显的致突变作用。 相似文献
37.
Wenjuan Zhang Wei Liu Jing Zhang Huimin Zhao Yaobin Zhang Xie Quan Yihe Jin 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2012,24(11):2019-2027
Textile industries are important sources of toxic discharges and contribute enormously to water deterioration, while little attention has been paid to the toxicity of textile effluents in discharge regulation. Bioassays with zebrafish were employed to evaluate the toxicity of wastewater samples collected from different stages at a textile factory and sewage treatment plants (STPs). Physico-chemical parameters, acute toxicity, genotoxicity and oxidative stress biomarkers were analyzed. The wastewater samples from bleaching, rinsing and soaping of the textile factory exhibited high acute toxicity and genotoxicity. The coexisting components of dye compounds, as assistants and oxidants, seemed to cause some effect on the toxic response. After treatment employing the anoxic-oxic (A/O) process in STPs, the color and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) were reduced by 40% and 84%, respectively, falling within the criteria of the Chinese Sewage Discharge Standard. In contrast, increases in acute toxicity and genotoxicity were observed in the anaerobic tank, indicating the formation of toxic intermediates. The genotoxicity of the effluent of the STP was not significantly different from that of the influent, suggesting the wastewater treatment processes were not effective in removing the genotoxicity of the dye wastewater. Results indicated that the effluent contains pro-oxidants since the activities of glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total anti-oxidation capacity (T-AOC) were all elevated. In addition, decreases in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-S transferase (GST) activities observed can be interpreted as a cytotoxicity sign due to an over-production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The results of the present study suggest that the STPs were not capable of reducing the toxicity of wastewater sufficiently. Further treatment is needed to remove the potential risks posed by textile effluent to ecosystems and human health, and employing a toxicity index is necessary for discharge regulation. 相似文献
38.
Ailemys Curbelo Axel Mancebo Tatiana Molier María E. Arteaga Consuelo González Raiden Grandía 《毒物与环境化学》2013,95(4):691-699
Biological control agents have become a useful alternative for the reduction of the use of chemical insecticides. LABIOFAM (Cuba) is developing a new formulation of a biolarvicide that possesses as active biological agent Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis serotype H14. In order to evaluate the genotoxicity of this new formulation, an in vivo battery test was used: micronucleus (MN), chromosome aberrations (CAs), and sperm morphology (SM) assays. A dose of 6.45?×?108 spores was administered per animal via oral administration. Bone marrow cells were collected 24?h after a two day treatment for the MN assay, and 24?h after a unique treatment for the CA assay, using cyclophosphamide as the positive control. Sperm cells were collected at 5 weeks from the first of five administrations for the SM test, using acrylamide as positive control. Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis serotype H14 failed to show either a significative increase of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes, chromosomal aberrations, or sperm abnormalities. Acute oral administration of a high dose of Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis serotype H14 did not produce mutagenic effects in bone marrow or sperm cells. 相似文献
39.
Increasing environmental pollution in the tropics is creating a breeding ground for mosquitoes, leading to increasingly frequent use of insecticides to combat home infestation of mosquitoes, the vector of malarial parasites. Household members are therefore more prone to aerosol exposure and subsequent health effects. We assessed the hepatotoxic and clastogenic effects in rats exposed to different levels of aerosols of one of the insecticides most commonly in used in Nigeria. There were significant (p?0.05) increases in mean relative liver weights and liver cell counts per mm2 in the groups of rats exposed to the aerosols when compared with the control group. In addition, rats exposed to the insecticide aerosols have elevated activities of serum enzymes: γ-glutamyl transferase, aspartate amino transferase and alanine amino transferase, as well as number of micronuclei scored in the bone marrow, at levels that are significantly (p?0.05) different from the values observed for control group. These findings suggest that the aerosols induce an increase in the liver weight through cell proliferations and show that the insecticide is hepatotoxic and clastogenic in rats. Health risks may therefore be associated with long-term exposure to the insecticide aerosols in humans. 相似文献
40.
Er3+和稀土多元复合肥对蚕豆根尖细胞的微核效应 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
稀土元素是镧系金属元素的总称,在地壳中含量稀少,约占15×10-6.我国对稀土元素的开发利用较早,特别是农业上稀土多元复合肥常与农药一起使用,这对生物和环境的影响为人们所关注,给环境研究带来了新课题.目前对稀土元素的研究主要集中在地球化学、农业化学和... 相似文献